In this sense , the systematical setting of a country ' s securities management includes the organization of supervision organs and the system of distributing rights and checking interests between the supervision organs . it is a structural safeguard to realize the aim of securities supervision 即一国证券管理的制度设置，包括监管机构的组织形式，各个监管机构间的权利分配与利益制衡机制，它是实现证券监管目标的组织保障。
On the basis of introducing british , american , german and french important institutions of appeal , i ’ m in the hope of finding scientific , advanced elements and general characters , and so i can provide foundation for analysis in the third part . first i introduce and analyse regulations in 本部分在介绍英、美、德、法四典型国家上诉审重要制度设置的基础上以期发现一些科学、先进的原理与共性,为第三部分我国相关司法改革的分析提供依据。
The fifth , in spite of a series of defect of current court mediation in our country in its installation and practical operation , some people suspect or deny it , but the writer thinks that these disadvantages can be overcome by reforming in system , so we should not do away with it 尽管我国现行诉讼调解在制度设置上、实务操作中确实存在一系列弊端，导致有人对它的存在提出质疑甚至否定，这些不足是可以通过系统改革予以完善的，而不应简单地将它废除。
As we all know , aim and function interact as both exterior and interior , so i immediately analyse functions of appeal in order to further understand it , that ’ s , safeguarding justice , safeguarding unified application of law , creating law and providing channels for people involved in the case to relieve their resentment 目的和功能是互为表里的,所以本文紧接着从上诉审的功能层面对上诉审制度进行了再认识,分别是保障司法公正的实现、保障法律的统一适用、造法和提供私人不满的消释渠道。最后集中分析上诉审审级制度设置原理。
Part iv concretely analyze that administrative organs mediate administrative controversies . there is defect in the methods of solving administrative controversies now . it ' s very necessary for us to propose the new methods of administrative organs mediate administrative controversies to solve it better 作者在对国内目前行政复议解决行政纠纷制度不利分析的基础上，提出了行政调解行政纠纷的必要性：由行政主体调解行政纠纷来弥补现行行政复议的不足，并在此基础上提出了制度设置建议。
Our nation is transforming from traditional agriculture society to modern industry society and it ' s traditional institutions need change , too . under planned economy system . unit system of higher education was set after 1952 . in condition of the system of market economy , unit system of higher education has n ' t fit the need of universities and social development , so it must be transferred to contract system of higher education . which suits to the system of marketable economy . thus this will largen universities " scale . increase it ' s quality and benefit moderization of higher education and society 其中， 1952年以后的“高教单位制”是在计划体制之下形成的一种高教制度设置。在新时期的市场经济条件下，高教单位制已不适应高校和社会的发展要求，因而要对其进行变迁。继而要建立全范围的与市场经济相吻合的高教契约制，使高校的规模、质量、效益得到扩大和提高，实现高教现代化，从而致力于社会现代化。
Because social institution plays a fundamental role in the social trust : in cultivating , shaping , maintaining and guaranteeing social trust . when china through a system variance progress all aspects of her society have to face serious crisis of social trust , which usually performance as the absence of social faithtrust , the doubt of social institution and the suspicion of system function 目前中国正处于社会转型期,其实质是一种制度转型,在各个领域都不可避免地面临着较为严重的社会信任危机,其重要表现就是信任的缺失,某些制度设置的对象群体对制度体系选择回避甚至“退出制度” 。
Our country formerly followed the substantive examination of pre - court examination in public prosecution case , has now transferred to procedural examination after critical modification has been made to the active criminal law regarding this , but due to the shortcoming of the system itself , new problems emerge in the process of juridical practices , which is against the original intention of the modification to criminal prosecution law 我国原实行的公诉案件庭前审查是实体性审查，现行刑诉法对此进行了重大修改，已由实体性审查向程序性审查转变，但因制度设置本身的不足，在司法实践中也出现了不少新的问题，有违刑诉法修改的初衷。
5 ) after the public ' s substantive participation , three measures should be taken : first , set up a trial system where facts should be found by first trial in principle , and by appellant trial as an exception ; second , establish the system of cross - examination so as to strengthen the antagonism of the trial procedure and further raise the accuracy of fact - finding ; third , in view of the dignity of human nature , establish our reasonable judicial system for presenting the witness 5 、民众实质参与的问题解决之后，具体的配套制度设置主要有三项:一是建立以一审程序发现案件事实为原则，上诉程序发现事实为例外的审判制度;二是确立交叉询问制度，增强审判程序的对抗性，进一步提高事实认定的准确性;三是从理解人性的角度出法，建立我国科学的证人出庭作证制度。
This thesis also analyzes the problems of defense scientific research system in our country and in referring to the u . s . success proposes a series of suggestions to promote civil and military merge , to enhance the depth and width of fair competition , and to use flexible and effective motivation mechanism to develop technology for both military and civil use 然后分析我国国防科研体制中存在的问题,借鉴美国各种引导激励方式成功实施的关键制度设置,得出一系列启示,如加快军民科研体系融合,增强公平竞争的深度和广度,采取灵活有效的激励方式,大力发展军民两用技术等。
