In this paper , wheat cultivars lovrin 10 ( resistant ) and 5389 ( susceptible ) were selected as materials in this system . the mesophyll protoplasts of wheats ( mpw ) were isolated using cellulase and pectolase digestion . by the indirect immune fluorescent labeling , microtubules ( mts ) pattern in mpw were showed clearly under the confocal laser scanning microscope ( clsm ) 本试验以抗(洛夫林10 ) 、感( 5389 )不同的两小麦( triticumaestivuml . )品种为材料，采用酶解法制备小麦叶肉原生质体，利用间接免疫荧光方法结合激光共聚焦扫描显微技术对小麦叶肉细胞原生质体的微管骨架进行了清晰的标记，并探索了微管骨架标记的影响因素。
In these chloroplasts carbon dioxide combines with phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetic acid , which is transported to the bundle sheath cells , where the carbon dioxide is released , then fixed by the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase to form glycerate 3 - phosphate , the first step in the calvin cycle 在叶肉细胞的叶绿体中二氧化碳与磷酸烯醇丙酮酸结合形成草酰乙酸，后被运到邻近的维管束鞘细胞，在那里二氧化碳被释放，后被核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶固定形成3磷酸甘油酸，这是卡尔文的循环第一步。
When inadequate n was added , the chloroplast structure in mesophyll cell was damaged in ear leaf , the amount of carbohydrate decreased in mestome sheath , and excessive n - redistribution and n - transportation to grain from vegetative mass appeared , which resulted in earlier leaf senescence . excessive n application led to too high activity of nitrate reductase , excessive vigorous nitrogen metabolism and too much exhaustion of carbohydrate in ear leaf , which resulted in the lack of enough carbohydrate in the lower leaf , meanwhile , the expansive chloroplast grana lamellae in leaf mesophyll cell and starch grain without nuclear in mestome sheath cell was observed , which led to the decrease of chlorophyll content and photosythetic capacity in maize leaf , then the early senescence occured 氮肥用量不足导致穗叶叶肉细胞叶绿体结构性差，维管束鞘细胞碳水化合物累积减少,营养体氮素再分配率大而引起叶片早衰；而过量供氮则导致生长后期硝酸还原酶活性过高，氮素代谢过旺，消耗了大量碳水化合物，以致下位叶不能得到充足的碳水化合物供应而提早脱落，同时叶肉细胞叶绿体片层结构膨胀，呈“肉汁化”特征，维管束鞘细胞淀粉粒大量消耗，无核淀粉粒出现，从而叶片叶绿素含量下降，光合能力降低而出现早衰。
Described here is the cloning and characterization of a new trichome - specific - promoter in arabidopsis . by ddrt ( differential display reverse transcription ) - pcr and reverse northern , a 280bp sequence is acquired from the epidermal in viciafaba , which is specially expressed in the epidermal . then using race , we abtain a 3 . 0 kb gene segment including the 3 ' end full sequence and the 5 ' end partial sequence of the 280bp segment 首先，我们利用差异显示技术和反northern技术，以蚕豆叶肉细胞为对照，从蚕豆叶片表皮细胞中克隆出长280bp的新的表皮特异表达基因片段，再通过race技术获得此基因片段的3 ’端全序列和5 ’端部分序列。
The results showed that low temperature wheat germplasm had many layers of small and closely - arranged diachyma cells , a large number of chloroplasts containing plentiful of granum lamella , and highly serried vascular bundles ; as it grew towards maturity , its structures such as diachyma cells , chloroplasts , and cells in the colored layers of seed ventral furrows aged slowly 结果表明，低温小麦种质较高温种质叶肉细胞小，排列紧密，叶肉细胞层数较多；叶绿体数量多，叶绿体基粒片层丰富；叶片维管束密集；随著生育期向成熟趋近，叶肉细胞、叶绿体、籽粒腹沟区有色层细胞等结构衰老缓慢。
The higher concentration of extracellular calcium could influent the stability of microtubules in protoplast . mts in the protoplasts would depolymerize when the extracellular calcium concentration was rising up to lommoi / l . the intercellular washing fluid ( iwf ) of wheat - leaf rust fungus interaction which contains elicitor were used as stimulator to interact with the protoplast of cv 试验结果表明，在小麦叶肉细胞原生质体中，微管骨架呈网络状分布于整个细胞质中；胞外较高的ca ~ ( 2 + )浓度对微管骨架的稳定性有影响，在本试验系统中当胞外ca ~ ( 2 + )达到10mmol / l时，微管骨架即开始发生解聚。
