Histidine a basic amino acid formed only rarely in proteins . it is formed from atp and 5 - phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate in a complex biosynthetic pathway . glutamate is an intermediate in its breakdown 组氨酸：是蛋白质中少有的一种碱性氨基酸。由atp和5 -磷酸核糖基焦磷酸盐通过复杂的生物合成途径合成。在其降解过程中可形成谷氨酸。
In this paper , the physical and chemical properties , the toxicological characteristics , the biosynthetic pathway and the detection method of citrinin produced in monascus were introduced and the relative counter measures to eliminate citrinin were also illustrated 介绍了红曲中产生的桔霉素的理化性质、毒性、产生途径和检测方法等的研究现状，并就如何消除红曲中桔霉素提出了对策。
Bioinformatical analysis of pprl : pprl is the first orf in what appears to be a four - gene operon containing homologues of three genes ( folp , folb and folk ) in the folate biosynthetic pathway described in other prokaryotes Ppri的生物信息学分析： ppri是4个紧密相连基因的第一个基因，后面的三个分别是folp 、 folb 、 folk的同源物，它们参与叶酸的生物合成，因此ppri在基因组中的位置有点特殊。
The avermetins are a group of closely related macrocylic lactones with exceedingly high activity against helminths and anthropods . this paper review the biosyntheticpathway of the avermectins and the organization of the biosynthetic gene cluster which many groups have analysed and cloned 阿维菌素为一种典型的次级代谢产物，生物合成途径复杂，现在基本上对每一步合成途径的基因及其所编码的酶都有所了解。
The biosynthetic method could carry on the specific synthesis of biotin and overcome the low yield , nonspecific synthesis and nessary use of the chemical separation for chemically synthetic method . this method could reduce manufacturing cost of biotin , and improved economic benefits of animal husbandry 生物合成方法可以进行生物素的专一性合成，克服了化学合成法收率低，不能专一性合成，需经高成本化学拆分过程才能获得d -生物素的弊端，可使生物素的生产成本降低，从而提高畜牧业的经济效益。
In the past three decades , metabolic biology of alkaloids , with respect to biosynthetic and storage positions , transport pathway , regulatory factors , biosynthetic pathway and key enzymes as well as its encoded genes , have achieved much and this paper attempts to give a review on this field , followed by some suggestion about the existing questions and perspectives 生物碱代谢生物学的研究近年来取得了长足的进步，主要集中在生物碱合成和贮存部位、转运途径、代谢调控因子、生物合成途径和关键酶及其编码基因等方面，现就这方面的进展作一简要综述，并提出了该领域尚存在的问题和前景展望。
Their company , bsl biosynthetic lubricant technology plans to develop , market and license a line of new and high quality biosynthetic auto lubricants the green future series - made from editable plant oils such as sunflower oil and corn oil . this type of auto lubricant is environmentally friendly and economical and is a viable long - term alternative to petrochemical - based products 他们将成立百思尔生物合成润滑油科技有限公司，开发、销售和注册最新发明的高质生物合成润滑油绿色未来系列，此产品是以食用植物油脂如葵花籽及玉米等制造的生物合成汽车润滑油，天然环保及价格相宜，可替代传统石油化学润滑油。
The core part of hpi comprises genes for the biosynthetic , regulatory and transport of ybt . recently , the hpi appears to be widespread in various enterobactia strains , for example , in disrrheagenic e . coli strains , citrobacter diversus , and various species of klebsiella and non - i serotypes of salmonella enterica . now , the research on yersinia hpi in the enterobactia is reported mostly from the vie wpoint of molecular epidemiology , but the structure and function of hpi in these strains is unclear 耶尔森菌的hpi有一个约30 . 5kb的功能核心区，它携带有与ybt合成、调节和摄取有关的基因簇irpl irp9等基因，其中， irpl irp5及irp9基因与ybt合成有关， irp6 、 irp7 、 fyua基因与其转运有关， irp8基因功能不明， ybta基因对ybt的合成摄取起调节作用，天门冬氨酸trna ( asn - trna )是hpi的整合位点。
Are the most versatile and commercially important producers of antibiotics . genes specifically involved in the production of a particular antibiotic are invariably found clustered together . by now , at least 50 antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters have been cloned or identified , including those larger than 40kb 链霉菌产生种类繁多的抗生素，而且抗生素生物合成的结构基因、调节基因和抗性基因往往成簇排列，因而许多抗生素生物合成基因簇十分庞大，也使得克隆和异源表达这些完整的基因簇异常困难。
The total dna of exoconjugants acquired dna degradation phenotype during electrophoresis , which suggested that the dnd gene cluster was heterologously expressed . the phz1358 was used sucessfully as a vector for gene replacement to identify the biosynthetic pathway genes for nanchangmycin in s . nanchangensis ns3226 . however , the gene replacement in another potential pks cluster has not succeeded till now 将利用phz1358构建的基因置换结构(孙宇晖，未发表)导入南昌链霉菌ns3226中进行了基因置换实验，协助完成了南昌霉素生物合成基因簇的克隆，但对另一潜在pks基因簇的基因置换实验目前还未能完成。
