We research the generalized inverse of morphisms in preadditive category , give the characterization for the moore - penrose and drazin inverse , and obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of core - nipotent for morphism 我们考察了预加法范畴中态射的广义逆，利用幂等态射给出了态射广义逆存在的充要条件及其表达式。
Part 2 ( chapter3 ) the moore - penrose inverse and drazin inverse of morphisms with universal - factorzation in category are studied , its existences are characterized , and the expression of the generalized inverse of morphism are establish ( 2 )研究范畴中具有泛分解态射的moore - penrose逆和drazin逆，给出了moore - penrose逆和drazin逆存在的充要条件及其表达式。
Since 1950s , many mathematicians have been engaged in studying the " generalized inverse of matrices such as the generalized inverse of matrices on rings , the generalized inverse of morphism , the compution on the generalized inverse of matrices , the application of generalized inverse and so on Penrose利用四个矩阵方程给出矩阵广义逆的更为简洁定义，此后，矩阵广义逆研究得到了迅速的发展。矩阵广义逆的研究包括环上矩阵的广义逆，范畴中态射的广义逆，广义逆矩阵的计算和广义逆矩阵的应用等。
The views available to explain the growth of the firm focus on the problems of essential nature of the firm ( e . g . contract theories , knowledge - based perspectives ) , processing ( e . g . life cycle , penrose , chandler , kay , pettus and ansoff ) and strategy , organization and managerial methods ( e . g 现有企业发展的理论观点围绕企业的基本性质问题（例如，契约理论和知识基础观点） 、过程问题（例如，寿命周期、 penrose 、 chandler 、 kay 、 pettus 、 ansoff ）以及战略、组织和管理方式（例如，战略理论、组织理论和各种管理方式）而展开。
On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the conventional theories , the transactions costs economics and penrose theory , this dissertation draws the competence theory of the firm ( cohen and levinthal , 1990 , 1994 ) and the behavior theory of firm adaptation ( march , 1991 ; levinthal and march , 1993 ) into an analytical system for diversification , and constructs a learning - based research framework grounded by the exploitation and exploration of knowledge resource 本研究在分析和总结传统多角化理论基础? ?交易成本经济学和penrose理论的基础上，将企业能力理论( cohenandlevinthal ， 1990 ， 1994 )与企业行为适应理论( march ， 1991 ； levinthalandmarch ， 1993 )引入多角化分析框架，并以企业知识资源的充分利用与开发为主线建立起了一个基于学习视角的研究架构。
Finally , this paper has proposed some suggestions for the development of our country ’ s service multinationals : the firms must do those best to decrease the “ penrose effect ” of firms ’ growth , cultivate , identify and apply the core competence , and accumulate tacit knowledge continuously , while the government must destroy the monopoly of the service industries 最后,本文为我国服务业跨国公司发展提出了几点建议,企业要尽可能减小企业成长的“彭罗斯效应” ,培育、识别和应用核心能力,不断积累默识性知识,政府则要打破服务行业的垄断。
