You have seen we have almost seven hundred to eight hundred references so that the scientific background is huge and amazing . … you will find some differences ， for instance ， in total risk estimation ， indeed ， we are giving some new ideas in terms of management 你会看到我们有大约七百到八百篇参考文献，所以新指南的科学背景气势恢弘，令人叹为观止…对比新旧版本，你会发现一些差异，比如对总体危险性的估计，真的，在疾病的治疗方面我们也提供了许多新的见解。
While there are so many problems that made trust and investment companies face lots of internal and external risks in real operation such as the immature market , the scarcity of government legislation and supervision , the management risks in the trust and investment companies and so on . all these need be solved by the trust and investment companies under the assistance of government department responsible for legislation and supervision . this article states from the real status of the trust industry , analyses the risk of it and brings forward the solutions from the following four angles : innovating trust production , such as npl trust , state - owned stock trust , leasing trust , mbo trust , esot , etc , perfecting the mechanism of risk control from var model and risk estimation , enhancing the cooperation with other financial institutions like banks , securities institutions , insurance companies and leasing companies , and strengthening the system of government legislation , supervision and self - restriction of trust and investment companies 本文从中国信托业的现状出发，分析信托投资公司存在的问题，尤其是整顿后依然存在的问题，借鉴国外信托业的经验，结合中国信托业的实际情况，从创新信托产品、健全信托投资公司风险控制机制、加强与其他金融机构合作和增强监管机制等角度进行探讨，提出解决问题、加速信托机构健康发展的途径：第一、根据目前我国信托业的规定，结合中国的经济状况，从处置国有不良资产、减持国有股、与金融租赁相结合、管理层收购、职工持股、银行处理信贷资产、房地产、应收债权等领域创新信托产品；第二、引入国际上风险控制模型内控信托机构的风险，并采取信用评级的手段对信托投资公司和信托产品进行评级，从外部控制信托机构的风险；第三、提出信托投资公司应与银行、证券、保险和租赁业相结合，在业务上相互补充，资源上共享，促进信托业的发展；第四、从完善信托立法、加强监管力度、健全信托投资公司个体自律和行业自律等方面完善信托的监管体系。
The risk estimation of the exposure to market risks as the risk - management ' s core , there are many risk - management models of estimating the risk of financial markets , in this paper , the author first analyses the characteristics of the current financial market risks , then makes a comprehensive systematic analysis and estimation of all kinds of risks present in financial market with the help of var ( value at risk ) , a world - wide valuably and widely accepted brand - new risk management tools . finally , a substantive suggestion about the applications of var models to the financial markets risk management of our country is provided on the basis of the detailed analysis of the calculation of all kinds of var models , along with their advantages and disadvantages and also the applications . with the development and betterment of our country ' s security markets , the entry into wto and openness of financial market , financial product innovation and extensions of traditional bank off - balance business , the augmentation of market risks will surely lead to risk management innovation and identity to international standards . therefore , the research of financial market risk management signifies a lot not only in a realistic sense , also in a guideline sense . this is just where this paper aims 针对金融市场风险管理的核心主要是对风险的测量，本文先分析了当前金融市场风险的特点，然后应用近年来在国际上受到广泛重视并开始为大家所接受的一种全新的风险管理工具? “在险价值” ( valueatrisk ) var的基本思想，全面、系统地分析和测量了金融市场所存在的各种风险，并对各种var基本模型的计算、优缺点及应用作了详细分析，最后对var模型在我国金融市场风险管理的应用提出了实质性的建议。随着我国证券市场的发展壮大和不断完善，及加入wto和金融市场的开放，金融产品的创新及传统银行表外业务的不断拓宽，市场风险的加大必将带来风险管理的创新并同国际接轨。所以金融市场风险管理的研究不仅具有现实意义，更具有指导意义实，这也是论文的出发点所在。
After introducing several common risk evaluation method , this paper emphasise to illustrate the formulation of risk investigation table , the process of investigation and static and analysis of data by introducing the example of expert investigation method applied in construction engineering in zhengzhou ; meanwhile , it applies the combination of analytic hierarchy process and vague assessment method into the risk estimation and evaluation 4 介绍了几种常用的风险估计评价方法后，通过对郑州地区在建工程运用专家调查法的实例，重点阐述了在施工阶段调查表的制定和调查程序、数据的统计与分析；又鉴于施工过程中风险层次性和模糊性的特点，采用将层次分析法与模糊综合评价相结合的方法? ?多层次模糊综合评价用于风险估计与评价。
It ' s a kind of long - cycle , large - investment , high - risk project to launch erp in a firm , based on both internal and external environment of the enterprise , this paper analyses the risk in the enforcement of erp , establishes a risk assessment system and put forward a synthetical assessment method of erp ; secondly , it makes a deep analyses on risk identification , risk analysis , risk estimation and evaluation , and risk management 针对企业信息化工程项目投资大、周期长、风险高、见效慢的特点，本文从企业内外部环境两方面，系统分析了这类项目的实施风险，建立了制造业信息化工程项目实施风险指标体系，并对风险识别、分析评估与风险管理进行深入系统的研究。
The marketing risk management is the effective method of keeping away and controlling marketing risk , the electric power marketing also has the question of marketing risk management ; the electric power marketing risk management contains the risk recognition , the risk estimation , the risk control and processing , the evaluation of risk management effectiveness and so on a series of activities ; the marketing inspection is important content and the effective way of electric power marketing risk management ; the method of electric power marketing inspection persevering condition inspection and the special inspection , the habit inspection is most essential and the most effective method 摘要营销风险管理是有效防范和控制营销风险的手段，电力营销同样存在营销风险管理问题；电力营销风险管理包含风险识别、风险估测、风险控制与处理、风险管理效果评价等一系列活动；营销稽查是电力营销风险管理的重要内容和有效途径；电力营销稽查的方法有常态稽查和专项稽查，常态稽查是最基本、最有效的方法。
This is the main point of the paper . it is a complex work to control the increment of the npl and inside which the risk management in banks is very important . the paper brings forward some contents about credit risks management of bank , including risk recognition and risk estimation 文章针对银行的风险管理，介绍了关于银行信贷风险管理方面的内容，包括有风险识别和风险估计方法，文章试图论证通过加强银行的风险管理，可以有效的帮助银行从内部防止不良资产增量的产生。
