In order to calculate the wall ' s lateral displacement , several diagrams have been cited from a f . e . m results . the main factors have been accounted in these diagrams as below : the wall stiffness , the strut stifmess , the width of pit , the elastic modulus of soil , the depth of the underlying hard layer , the strut preloads and the factors of safety against basal heave 为了计算挡墙的侧向变形，本文引用一个有限元程序计算得出的图表结果。这些结果考虑到了以下主要因素：挡墙刚度、支撑刚度、基坑的开挖宽度、土体的变形模量、坑底以下硬土层的位置、给支撑施加的预压力的大小、抗隆起安全系数等。
The author used fem program bp to calculate the settlement of soft foundation under a supposed highway embankment . comparing finite element method with ordinary method , the author concluded that the biot fem can reflect the influence of lateral displacement more truly , calculate the settlement at every moment more suitably , and consider the progress of construction more easily 本文应用有限元程序bp计算了一个假设的路堤软基的沉降，与常规路堤软基沉降方法进行比较，得出了biot固结有限元法更为真实地反映侧向变形对沉降的影响、更为合理地计算各个时刻的沉降量、便于考虑施工分级加载对沉降的影响等结论。
There are two parts in this paper . in the first part , the deformaion behavior of soil loaded is analyzed . then we construct the equation that considers the lateral deformaion of the settlement of foundation which is loaded by rectangle vertical equal loading through recongnizing the characteristics of deformation 本文主要由两部分构成：第一部分是在我们分析了土体受压后的变形特性，并在对其变形性质认识的基础上，建立了矩形面积均布竖向荷载下考虑侧向变形的地基沉降计算公式。
Some formulas have been put forward from the analysis with the combinations to engineering practice if the excavation is not too fast : 1 ) several formulas to calculate the relationships between the maximum lateral deformation and the corresponding parameters ; 2 ) a formula to predict the maximum lateral deformation ; 3 ) two optimizing formulas of the stiffness aimed for the wall and the strut system for deformation control ; 4 ) a dominant strength formula for strengthened soil under the bottom 结合工程实践(在基坑开挖不是太快的情况)分析并提出了一些公式： 1 )各参数对挡墙变形影响的效应公式； 2 )基坑在正常开挖情况下的挡墙最大侧向变形的计算公式； 3 )由变形控制所确定的内支撑挡墙与支撑自身的刚度优化公式； 4 )加固土体的强度控制公式。
The several ones that have more lager sensitivity to embankment settlement are found out . then , aimed at the traditional three - layer bp network ' s shortages : easily getting into local minimum value and slow convergence , the modification combined momentum method with self - adaptation study velocity is made , and one improved bp network is put forward . finally , according to the results from above sensitivity analyses , the nonlinear model main parameters of each natural layer in roadbed are approximately rectified using the improved bp network technology founded on its stronger nonlinear mapping capacity and the settlement measurements 采用非线性有限元程序，对邓肯-张模型中8个参数与路堤沉降的关系进行了详细分析，找到了影响沉降的主要参数；接着，针对传统的三层bp网络具有收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小点等不足，对其进行了修正，提出了改进的bp神经网络模型；最后，根据上述灵敏度分析结果，基于改进的bp网络模型较强的非线性映射能力和前期沉降实测资料，对路基中各天然土层的非线性模型主要参数进行了反分析修正； ( 4 )路堤沉降计算一维法中考虑应力历史、侧向变形的研究。
Integration of these two sides could let the results of layerwise summation method ( lsm ) be more accuracy , which can consider not only soil stress history but also soil lateral deformation and soil nonlinear properties even . ( 5 ) research on the application of meshless method for embankment settlement calculation 综合这两个方面，单向分层综合法的计算结果趋于更准确，其不但能考虑应力历史外，而且能计入土体侧向变形甚至土体非线性特性； ( 5 )路堤沉降计算无单元法应用研究。
Based on analysis of the characteristics of the composite soil nailed wall , simulating the soil nail , concrete layer , deep mixing pile and step excavation , a model is established to calculate the deformation of the wall , compiled simple and applied program of one dimension fem ; according to the field test data and the calculated data by the fem software this paper has developed , the design method and deformation of the wall in xi ' an area is discussed . the shape of destructive sliding surface of the wall in loess strata in xi ' an area with deep groundwater is gotten . finally the lateral deformation distribution and the experiential formula to predict maximal horizontal displacement of the composite soil nailed wall are given 针对复合土钉墙构造的特点，建立了模拟复合土钉墙受力变形的一种计算模型，该计算模型可对土钉、面层、深层搅拌桩以及分层开挖等进行简化模拟；编写了简单实用的杆系有限元程序；结合工程实测资料及有限元法分析的结果，探讨了西安地区的土钉设计以及复合土钉墙的变形规律，得出了西安地区一般黄土在无地下水时的破坏滑动面形状，复合土钉墙的侧向变形曲线以及计算复合土钉墙最大水平位移的经验公式。
This program can be used to calculate the settlement of various kinds of soft ground under highway embankment , it can also be used to calculate lateral displacement and pore water pressure . in this thesis , the author used this program to calculate one - dimensional consolidation problem , and the results showed that this program was credible 该程序可用于加筋堤、桩体复合地基和砂井地基等多种路堤软基的沉降计算，同时又可计算路堤软基在各个时刻的侧向变形和孔隙压力值，并能模拟各种施工加载情况。
C ompared the results of structural period , displacement and internal forces of mode 1 with mode 3 , we can know that the hypo - frame can increase the lateral stiffness of the mega steel - frame structures , decrease lateral - deformation of the structures , especially decrease the maximum inter - storey displacement obviously , and get the internal forces and deformation of the whole structure more uniform . from the analysis results , it can be found that the maximum axial force gets less with hypo - frame than without it , and the maximum shear force and bending moment get more with hypo - frame than without it . thus it can be seen that the mainframe can be an independent structure system by itself , but the cooperation of main and hypo frame should be considered for conducting the entire analysis and design , otherwise the mega structure can be unsafe , in addition , from the comparing analysis , it can be found that the shear force and bending moment of inside - row columns are increased much more than those of outside - row ones in a mega column 通过3个算例方案1和方案3结构周期、位移和内力反应的比较分析可知，次框架可以进一步增加巨型钢框架结构的抗侧刚度，减少结构侧向变形，特别是明显减少了结构最大层间位移，使整个结构的内力与变形分布更为均匀；次框架的加入使主框架柱最大轴力较无次框架情况减少，而主框架柱的最大剪力和弯矩较无次框架情况都有所增加，由此可知，虽然主框架本身可以成为独立的结构体系，但在分析设计时，还应该考虑主、次框架协同工作，进行整体分析、整体设计，否则结构会偏于不安全。
Then , this paper edits other computer program to calculate thirty sgrc frame columns , and researches the drift capacity of sgrc frame column , and analysis the turning capacity of frame column " s plastic hinge . then the relational expression of the curvature ductility factor and ratio of hoops of sgrc frame columns is derived . this paper analysis the relation of the curvature ductility factor and the relative drift of sgrc frame columns , and discuss the question of the minimum values of ratios of hoops of sgrc frame column at different axial load ratios 一11一太原理工大学硕_ i :学位论文使用本文程序另外模拟计算了30榻煤研石混凝土框架，进一步分析了轴压比和配箍率对煤研石混凝土框架柱曲率延性的影响，编写程序计算了30根煤研石混凝土框架柱，对煤研石混凝土框架柱的侧向变形能力进行了研究，分析了柱塑性铰的转动能力，导出了煤研石混凝土框架柱的曲率延性系数与配箍率的关系式，分析了煤研石混凝土框架柱的曲率延性系数与框架柱相对侧向位移的关系，讨论了煤研石混凝土框架柱在不同轴压比下最小配箍率的取值问题。
