" close - up performance of the summicron - m is on the same level as the performance at infinity setting ( actually infinity is that distance where the incoming light rays are parallel to the optical axis 近摄表现与无穷远时相当(事实上,无穷远处的光线是平行光轴入射的.对多数镜头而言,大约100倍焦距的物距时,入射光满足这一条件)
The relatively rational parameters of grating are chosen according to the calculated results to make that when incidence angle or azimuth is varied , the light of different wave band will be reflected 通过计算结果，找出相对合理的光栅参数，使得当入射光的入射角或方位角发生变化时，光栅反射出不同波段的光，即反射出不同颜色的光。
Pioneered in the 1950s , solar cells convert 15 to 30 percent of the incident light into electricity and power calculators , watches , environmentally conscious homes , orbiting satellites and martian rovers 从1950年开始发展，现在太阳能电池能将15 ~ 30 %的入射光转换为电能，用来驱动计算机、手? 、环保住屋、绕地卫星，以及火星探测车等。
The dimension of the color of an object by which the object appears to reflect or transmit more or less of the incident light , varying from black to white for surface colors and from black to colorless for transparent volume colors （颜色的）浅淡可以从物体对入射光的光亮反射或透射程度的多少来决定的光亮度，从变化上对于表面来说可从黑色到白色，对于透明色来说是从黑色到无色
Thirdly , a unified colored - noise approximation is applied to calculate the steady state distributions of the dispersive optical bistability when the fluctuations in the amplitude and phase of the incident field are considered as colored noise 色散光学双稳系统是本文研究的第三种光学模型。当入射光中的强度涨落和位相涨落分别看作色噪声时，我们用统一色噪声近似得到它们的定态强度分布。
We put forward a scheme that the oil contamination sensor with reference route is applied in this system according to the measuring difficult on incidence light and the influences from oil color and transparency of the oil contamination sensor with single route 本文针对传统的单光路结构的入射光强测定困难、油液颜色以及透光率影响测量结果等问题，提出了利用带参考光路的监测方法来解决。
When only the intensity fluctuation is included in the incident light with different parameters of incident intensity and phase , the parameter plane of the folt shows interesting behavior with the changes of colored noise correlation time and multiplicative noise intensity 当入射光仅包含强度涨落时，在入射光强度和位相参量控制下，色噪声相关时间和乘性噪声强度取不同值时发生一级相变类比的参数区域。
Firstly , the diffraction properties of sub - micron gratings is analyzed using rigorous coupled - wave theory , including the relationship of the direction of diffraction light in each grade and grating period , and the relationship between diffraction efficiency and groove depth 文中首先利用严格耦合波理论( rcwa )分析亚微米光栅的衍射特性,即各级次衍射光方向与光栅周期及入射光角度的关系,亚微米光栅的衍射效率与槽深的关系。
Difference iterative method is used to estimate numerically director configurations in the a - htn mode lc cell in this paper . according to the liquid crystal director configurations , the eo characteristic of lc cell for tilted incident light can be accurately calculated 文中利用差分迭代法计算了a - htn型液晶盒中指向矢分布的计算,根据指向矢的分布情况可以计算出斜入射光通过液晶盒后的透过率,并根据此来研究液晶盒的电光特性。
By using a new optical input power level detection and signal treatment method to control the gain of the receiver and keep its output level within the required range , a novel feedforward agc optical receiver without radio frequency feedback circuits is realized 我们采用一种入射光功率电平检测与处理的新方法，对模拟光接收机的增益进行控制，将接收机输出电平控制在要求的范围内，实现了一种新型的无射频反馈电路的自动增益控制光接收机。
