They differ hi the state of violence of law , the due and the realization of obligation , they are united in the administrative and legal obligation the reason why we all call the obligation of the administrative subject the type of system namely , criminal responsibility , civil liability and administrative obligation 在这一过程中，二者的违法状态、归责、责任的实现、责任的主体和责任的追究主体都不一样，分别成立国家责任和行政责任，并且共同统一在行政法律责任之下。
The first period is the beginning period , during which legal aid was regarded as a beneficial action then . the second period was a transformation period , during which it transformed from beneficial actions to national responsibilities . the third period was an overall development period , in which the legislation of legal aid was set up and perfected and the range of legal aid was expanded , the financial system was built up , the organizations of legal aid were gradually perfected , a branch of learning on legal aid came up and legal aid was not only developed fully within the country but also thought highly of all over the world 国外法律援助的发展历史可以分为三个阶段，第一阶段为初创阶段，这一阶段的法律援助被定位为一种慈善行为，第二阶段为转型阶段，这一阶段完成了法律援助以慈善行为向国家责任的转变，第三阶段为全面发展阶段，这一阶段法律援助立法得到了建立和健全，法律援助的范围不断扩大，法律援助的资金供给制度得到了建立，法律援助机构不断健全，出现了专门的法律援助学科，法律援助不但在国内得到充分发展，而且愈来愈受到国际社会的重视。
Firstly , cycle economy ’ s concept is sustainable development , including contents like “ green ” , “ clean ” , “ zoology ” , and “ value ” as indispensable parts . secondly , principles of cycle economy legislation , referred to as 3r principles , are addressed , which includes “ manufacturer responsibility ” principle , sustainable development principle , “ consumer responsibility ” principle , and “ state responsibility ” principle 进而论述了循环经济立法原则的内容,介绍了循环经济的3r原则, “生产者责任制”原则, “消费者责任下原则”和“国家责任原则” 。
As early as 1963 the issue was listed by the international law commission ( hereinafter referred as “ ilc ” ) as a special problem deserving attention ; however , in the same year , the issue was shelved . after finishing the issue of state responsibility , the ilc decided at its fifty - fourth session held on 8 may 2002 that the issue of the responsibility of international organization was included in its programme of work 该主题早在1963年就被列入联合国国际法委员会值得注意的一个特别问题,但是同年又被搁置;在国际法委员会完成国家责任专题后,国际组织的责任作为联合国编纂和发展国际法的重点议题,在2002年5月8日第54届会议上被国际法委员会决定正式列入当前工作方案。
From the point of the subject , legal aid can be defined as multi - subject and mono - subject ones ; from the point of the range , it can be defined as litigation and non - litigation ones ; from the point of the responsibility , it can be defined as legal aids of absolute national responsibility and relative national responsibility and a combination of national and social responsibility ; from the point of the object , it can be defined as multi - object and mono - object ones . i agreed some of the above views 从法律援助主体这一角度来说，法律援助概念有主体多元说和主体单一说两种；从法律援助的范围这一角度来说，对法律援助所下的定义有诉讼说和诉讼非诉讼说；从法律援叻的责任这一角度来说，可分为绝对国家责任说、相对国家责任说、国家和社会责任结合说；从法律援助的对象这一角度来说，有单一说和复合说。
In this article , firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced , thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks , how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk . so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory , which is the main content that we studied . firstly , the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes , performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric , and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad , as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree , and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty . from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed . involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied , and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk , the 本文首先介绍了中美、中欧纺织品贸易争端的来龙去脉,由此可知在涉外贸易这种以高投入、高风险著称的行业里,如何甄别和规避外贸风险、如何选择合适的投资项目已经成为外贸企业的首要问题。因此,正文分别从统计学、博弈论和投资组合三种角度对涉外纺织品贸易公司风险进行了定性和定量的分析,这也是本文的主要研究内容。首先,统计学篇选取了深圳证券交易所行业分类指数?纺织服装指数( ti )每一季度末的交易收盘价和若干种反映宏观经济变化的指标,利用计量经济学中时间序列的协整检验、 granger因果检验和脉冲反应函数等理论做实证分析,从而得知反映国内物价水平和国内外经济景气程度的经济指标对纺织板块上市值的冲击比较明显,且可知冲击程度和时滞度,进而分析出涉外纺织企业所面临的宏观经济风险;接着,从博弈论的角度具体分析一家纺织品出口公司( beauty )的外贸活动所面临的各种经营风险,该篇从博弈扩展图入手,分析了出口目的国审查方式与本企业出口策略之间的制度安排;并围绕双方的利益分配,研究了有限回合和无限回合合作谈判博弈,然后具体论述了国家责任和企业涉外经营风险等问题;在一定程度上为了实现投资多元化来分散风险的目的,投资组合篇从经典的markowitz模型着手,在一些特定条件的限制下,给出了一个相应的投资组合模型。
State " s responsibilities in modern legal aid system are reflected as following : to confirm it with constitution and perfect legislation ; to establish legal aid system or support legal aid system mainly funded by government or wholly funded by government modern legal aid system has not been formed from our country " s legislative situation , fund protection and system construction 现代法律援助制度的国家责任主要体现在：以宪法和完善的专门立法对法律援助制度予以确认，以政府出资为主或全部由政府出资来建立法律援助机构体系或支持法律援助工作。从我国法律援助立法情况、经费保障和机构建设等方面来看，并未形成现代法律援助制度。
These international obligation and state responsibilities require that the domestic law of a signatory state , such as criminal law and criminal procedure law , shall accord with the provisions and requirements of the convention , and that jurisdiction must be exercised in accordance with the stipulations of the convention 作为承诺的一项国际义务，中国承担著相应的国家责任，这种国际义务和国家责任要求缔约国的其他国内法，如刑法、刑事诉讼法应当符合公约的规定和要求，并按公约规定行使管辖权。
