With significant development of power construction , the scale of power system is becoming much bigger and the structure more complicated , which leads to more difficult calculation and analysis concerned with power system . and the current software was limited by past development environment , resulting in a series of problems such as unfriendly man - machine interfaces , inconvenience of data inputting and management and not - easy - grasp using method 随着电力建设的发展，电力系统的规模越来越大，结构也越来越复杂，电力系统计算分析的工作量也日趋庞大，而现有的计算软件由于受当时的开发环境所限，普遍存在着人机界面不友好、数据录入及管理不方便、使用方法不易掌握等缺点。
However , these systems will break down if any pat fails . moreover , the measurement and control modules lack of the ability of self - adapting and self - decision . single control and processing system ca n ' t deal with complicated situations effectively when there are many components and many kinds of information 但是，上述系统的可靠性是通过单个设备的可靠性和关键部件的冗余来实现的，往往由于个别环节的故障导致整个系统不能正常工作；各测控节点缺乏自适应性和主动性;当系统的规模比较大、信息种类比较多时，单一的系统控制处理往往不能适应复杂的变化情况。
With the developing of modern technology , especially with the speedy developing of computer technology and network communication technology , industry system has been become bigger and bigger , and will further progress to integrated automation system mode , which is wide field interlinking , intelligent diagnosing and remote monitoring . these changes cause the structure of modern equipment become more complex , and the coupling of components become worse increasingly 随着现代工业技术的发展，特别是计算机技术、网络通讯技术的飞速发展，工业系统的规模越来越大，并进一步向广域互联、智能诊断、远程监控的综合自动化系统模式发展，这使得现代设备的结构越来越复杂，设备及设备的零部件间的关联耦合程度日益加剧。
With the fast development of technology of network and optical fiber communication , particularly , the dense wavelength division multiplexing fiber communication system commercialized in recent years , the scope of network system grows more and more great and complex . so the maintenance of network management is required of high quality 随着网络技术、以及光纤通信技术的快速发展，特别是近年来密集波分复用光纤通信系统的商用化，使网络系统的规模越来越大，复杂性越来越高，这对网络管理维护提出了更高的要求。
With the development of computer technology , the scale and complexity of software system are raised because of the application requirement . users hope that the software system becomes more expansible and easier to maintain , which makes design on software , especially on large software system , in difficulty 随着计算机技术的发展和需求的不断深入，驱使应用软件系统的规模和复杂性日益增加，对应用软件系统的性能、可扩展性和易维护性等方面的要求越来越高，使得应用软件的设计、开发特别是大型mis系统的设计、开发陷入困境。
To the embedded system study of siglechip , with the rapid progress of semiconductors producing technology and the higher level of chip designing , the performance of the singlechip has been improved greatly , and the application of it has been scaled greatly . under such environment , introducing the real - time operating system ( rtos ) to the siglechip system can change the development of the software from all by hand to collaboration work , that is a efficient method to resolve this problem 在微控制器和dsp的嵌入式系统研究方面，由于半导体工艺的发展和芯片设计水平的进步，它们的性能大幅度地提高、系统的规模增大，片上嵌入式软件变得越来越复杂。而将实时操作系统( rtos )引入单片机和dsp系统，使嵌入式软件开发从手工作业转变成工业化协作生产，就成为解决这一问题的有效途径。
In addition , bit error rate ( ber ) performance of the m - ary orthogonal spread spectrum system based on i bit quantization is analyzed in this paper and the formula of ber is obtained . by comparing it with other several systems , some concerned conclusions about this kind of system are gained 为了进一步的降低系统的规模，本文还就基于硬判决解调的多进制扩频系统的性能进行分析和研究，得出了同步捕获性能和误比特性能与用户数及信噪比的关系公式，并将其与其它几种系统进行了比较，得出了有关的结论。
Several key problems in electricity markets , such as pricing of transmission and wheeiing transactions , generation bidding and available transfer capability calculation between interconnected systems , etc . , are comprehensively and thoroughly studied and analyzed in this dissertation . the main contents and contributions are as follows : ( l ) ln a spot price based marketplace , the revenues and costs of transmission service are not easily balanced due to the economies of scale of transmission networks 本文主要针对电力市场中的输电和转运服务定价、发电竞价以及互联区域间可用输电能力计算等问题进行了较为全面和深入的理论研究和计算分析，主要内容及成果如下： ( 1 )由于输电系统的规模经济，在基于实时电价的电力市场中，输电系统的收入和支出难以平衡。
