The anther issue is that whether the freight under voyage charter party may be deducted or set - off according to the stipulation in respect of set - off provided by contract law 第二个问题是，根据新合同法中的先履行抗辩权制度和债务抵消制度的规定，在航次租船合同中的运费是否可以扣减或者抵消，以及英国法下和中国法下两种运费扣除制度的比较。
We will reach the essence of it in this chapter by reading the leading cases such as the merak [ 1965 ] and the annefield [ 1971 ] , which reflect the attitude of english court towards general incorporation clause and special incorporation clause ; the miramar [ 1984 ] and the rena - k [ 1978 ] , which reveal the verbal manipulation regulations on incorporated clauses from c / p ; the sannicholas [ 1976 ] , which gives resolution when the incorporation clause fails to point out the c / p meant to incorporate 本文在分析英国典型案例的基础上对这些规定逐一予以分析。首先，通过merak案、 annefield案的分析介绍英国法对一般并入条款和特别并入条款的规定；其次，通过miramar案、 renak案的分析揭示英国法对意图被并入提单的租约条款作语言调整的规定；最后，通过sannicholas案阐明英国法在并入条款未指明提单意图并入哪一份租约时的处理方式。
Only when the federal laws and the international conventions have no provisions in the contrary , the code will apply . england and the united states of america have different provisions on stoppage in transit . generally speaking , the validity of stoppage in transit under english law is much stronger than that under the law of the united slates of america 总的说来，英国法下中途停运权的效力要强于美国，中途停运权失效的情事要比美国少，适用上相对严格；美国法下卖方行使中途停运权的条件较为宽松，不像英国法只限于买方无力支付货款，还包括买方违约等情事。
Under chinese law the charterers are in breach when they have failed to provide the ship within the laydays . there are also some differences in exercising the right to cancel and compensating for damages according to the three . the fourth section analyzes cancellation of voyage charter parties due to frustration 第四部分探讨了英国法中的合同受阻理论在航次租合同解除中的应用,对应分析了《海商法》和《合同法》关于不可抗力的规定,还另外探讨了《海商法》关于承租人单方面任意解除合同的规定。
For the purpose of identifying the law applicable under the convention , where a state compromises several territorial units each of which has its own rules of law in respect of trusts , any reference to the law of that state is to be construed as referring to the law in force in the territorial unit in question 例如一个英国的转移财产人为英国的受益人设定的，信托财产分散在好几个国家的信托，虽受英国法管辖，但受托人谋求从一个实施外汇管制的国家搬出资产将受外汇管制法的约束。
The study of the development of legal culture of ghana , and especially the research of the complex relationship between indigenous law of ghana and british law in colonial time from the perspective of case law is one of the best samples to understand the historical transition of legal culture of african countries in further step 对加纳法文化的演进，特别是时殖民时期的加纳本土法与英国法的错综复杂的关系进行个案研究是进一步了解非洲国家法律文化历史变迁的一个极好范例。
The article expatiates the historical development and trend of estopple , then analyzes its variation and extension in applicable elements and its application , according to its system value to verify its unifying trend , that estopple shall stop using the superficial form of constituting elements and adopt its spirit , to make it a elastic legal principle 本文通过阐述禁反言制度在英国法和美国法上的历史沿革，分析其适用要件和范围的变化和扩张，根据其制度价值论证了禁反言规则将摆脱构成条件的表面形式而采其实质精神，使其成为具有弹性的法律原则的统一化趋势。
In order to solve these problems , this paper first makes a general study of the major legal aspects of warranties in the context of english law , and then advances to clarify the ambiguity of the corresponding chinese legislation and insurance clauses by reference to the relevant english law and the general principles in chinese legal system 为了解决上述问题，本文从英国法出发，对英国海上保险法中保证制度的法律特征作一全面的考察。然后，在全面理解英国海上保险法中保证制度的基础上，提出对我国海上保险法中保证制度的理解和完善。
This thesis focuses on the topics as follows : firstly , general rules of incorporation clauses in b / l ; secondly , regulations of american and english case law regarding incorporation clause in b / l , and finally analysis of the contradiction of the judicial decisions of our country in this area . the aim of the article is to provide examples and reduce inconsistency 针对我国关于租约中仲裁条款并入问题的司法判例尚未统一和明确的现状，本文先后介绍了提单中并入条款的一般规定；英国法关于提单并入条款的规定；美国法关于提单并入条款的规定；并在本论文中分析了我国关于租约仲裁条款并入提单的司法审判不一致的主要方面及各种现存的观点，旨在提供一些可供借鉴的他国经验，为司法的统一尽棉薄之力。
In england carriage of goods by sea acts do not apply to voyage charter parties . the parties cancel the voyage charter parties according to the regulations of contract law . in china we must apply the contract law of prc , the maritime code of prc and the regulations on domestic carriage of goods by water correctly 在英国法中,关于海上货物运输的成文立法并不适用于航次租船合同,解决航次租船合同的解除问题完全依赖一般合同法原则;在中国法中,应注意正确适用《海商法》 、 《国内水路货物运输规则》和《合同法》 。
