Such sectors as telecommunication , electricity , water supply and transportation are always regarded as an important domain of regulation , which is mainly attributed to their " economies of scale " and " economies of scope " 包括电信、电力、供水、交通在内的自然垄断产业一向是各国政府规制的主要内容。这是由自然垄断产业的经济技术特征? ?原来主要是规模经济而现在主要是范围经济? ?所决定的。
Although taiji group pursues relative - diversity in the medicine industry , it ignores the principle of specialization and " the core competence " , which will reduce the possibility of achieving synergy and then " economy of scope " after acquisitions 太极集团的并购行为尽管是在行业内的相关多元化，但忽视了行业的特性和核心竞争力的基本原则，从而大大降低了实现经营协同和运作范围经济的可能性。
The effects of economy of scope and economy of scale of it make up of the tactical level ' s action mechanism , organization transform and management transform in enterprise brought by it make up of the strategical level ' s action mechanism 信息技术在企业应用中的范围经济性效应和差异经济性效应构成了信息技术对企业的战术层次作用机制，而它所引发的企业组织变革、管理变革则构成了对企业的战略层次作用机制。
However , this conclusion ’ s research objects are developed countries , rather than they have perfect market system in order to support the diversification . in the developing country , for example , china , has an unhealthy market system , could this conclusion still be right 但是这一结论的研究对象是发达市场经济的欧美国家,市场体制的完善为多元化的制定和实施提供了条件,使得多元化带来规模经济、范围经济、交易费用节省,同时避免风险。
It depend on the native resources advantage to set up the chlorine - alkali chemical device , petroleum chemical device , fine chemical device . on this foundation , investigated to complete of the product of each device for mutually connection , becoming having the oneself advantage of scope - economies 它首先依靠当地的资源优势建起了氯碱化工，石油化工和精细化工几套装置，在此基础上，探索完成了各装置产品之间的相互关联，形成了具备自身优势的范围经济。
Retailers ' market power is from strength to strength as developed countries ' coming into service - oriented society and the existing of some factors which promote retailers ' acquiring market power , such factor as barriers to entry , scale economy , scope economy and product differentiation 摘要随着服务型经济社会的到来，以及零售产业内部诸如进入壁垒、规模经济和范围经济、产品差异化等促进零售商获得市场势力的产业组织因素的存在，零售商的市场势力将越来越大。
In addition , the dissertation taking the railway industry as an example analyses that the infrastructure management and transport operation in the railway industry have more obvious characteristics of economies of scale , economies of scope and economies of network , thus having more marked characteristics of natural monopoly ; chapter three is about the core issues of the railway industry regulation , which makes a discussion of the elementary meanings and motivations of regulation , and also taking the united states as an example , makes an analysis of the startups of railway industry regulation 并以铁路为例，分析了铁路产业中路网部分具有较强的规模经济、范围经济以及网络经济特性，因而具有较强的自然垄断特征，这为铁路产业规制提供了更为准确的认识基础；同时，本文还论述了规制的基本含义和动机，并以美国为例，分析了铁路产业规制的兴起。围绕铁路产业的主要规制模型以及由此导致的规制失灵与激励性规制改革等核心问题做了较为深入的探讨。
In the first place , the chapter defined and classified corporation ; in the second place , the chapter discussed its academic foundation from manage - cooperation effect theory , scope economy theory , finance cooperation effect theory , verification management theory , value underestimation theory , transactional cost theory , manager expanding theory and company competition strategy theory ; in the end , the chapter showed the function the corporation conglomerate merger 这一章首先对企业混合并购下了一个定义并加以分类；然后从管理协同效应理论、范围经济理论、财务协同效应理论、多样化经营理论、价值低估理论、交易费用理论、经理扩张理论、企业竞争战略理论等角度分别论述了企业混合并购的理论基础；最后从产业结构优化和企业发展的角度，论述了企业混合并购的作用。
The major theories and concept frameworks on which the dissertation ' s analysis is founded are marx ' s synergetic work theory , chandler ' s theory of economies of scale and scope , alchian and demsetz ' s team production theory , bowles and gintis " short - side power model , grossman , hart and moore ' s modern property rights approach , raj an and zingales " access model , and modern economic behavior theory . the power relationship within the firm is an anomalous phenomenon in the walrasian paradigm 本文的主要理论来源和概念框架是马克思的协作经济理论，钱德勒的规模经济和范围经济理论，阿尔奇安和德姆塞茨的团队生产理论，鲍尔斯和吉恩蒂斯的短缺方权力理论，格鲁斯曼、哈特和莫尔的现代产权理论，雷简和津盖尔斯的进入权理论，和现代经济行为理论。
While confirming the opinions of the economists at home and abroad about the theoretical research of the cause of formation of enterprise group , the paper points out the limitation of the opinions , that research the cause of formation from the different angles of economics of scale , scope and speed , the collective effect and the decrease of transaction cost 本文在充分肯定国内外学者关于企业集团成因理论研究成果的同时，指出了目前从规模经济性、范围经济性、速度经济性、集合效应性以及交易费用节省等角度分析企业集团成因的局限性。
