On the one hand , countries use public policies in government procurement to regulate , and in some cases , the procurement policies are beneficial to domestic providers and adverse to foreign providers , which we call discriminative procurement policies 一方面，在政府采购过程中，各个国家推行公共政策以实现对社会经济的干预。在某些场合，这些国家的采购政策明显地对本国供应商有利而对外国供应商不利，这时的采购政策可以被称之为歧视性采购政策。
As to therespect in qms construction , the author puts emphasis on the organizationalstructure , the essential function factor assignment , the purchase process , theproduction process , the lasting improvement of quality as well as enterprise qualitycultural construction in the combination of his own research area 在qms构建方面,作者结合自己的研究方向,重点放在组织结构、职能要素的分配、采购过程、生产过程、质量持续改进以及质量文化建设上。
With the refrigeration equipment industry as the background , xi " an qingan refrigeration equipment co . ltd as the research object , lean production management as the fundamental theory , this article is to analyze the current conditions and problems in the organizational pattern of assembly line , ways of purchasing materials , storage and production management information system in xi " an qingan refrigeration equipment co . ltd , to discuss the adaptability , feasibility and applied condition of lean production management , to compare the production , purchase , storage and production management information system before and after lean production management is adopted and the different effects , to pose efficient methods of purchase , production and storage which have been proved effective and feasible , to research method and experience attained during the application of lean production management , to offer proposition and assumption to apply lean production management , and to reach the conclusion that to enhance competitive ability the application of lean production management is the inevitable choice of the xi ' an qingan refrigeration equipment co . ltd 本文以空调制冷和压缩机行业为研究背景，以“庆安制冷”公司为研究对象，运用精细生产管理的基本理论，对“庆安制冷”公司空调压缩机多品种中小批量的流水线生产组织模式、采购模式、库存模式和生产管理信息系统中的管理现状及存在问题进行了分析，探讨了精细生产管理模式在“庆安制冷”公司应用的适应性、可行性和应用条件，对比分析了公司开展精细生产管理前后生产组织、采购、库存、生产管理信息系统取得的成效，提出了公司的采购过程模型，零部件最优库存控制模型，并经实践验证有效可行。文章研究分析了公司总装车间开展精细生产管理的思路、方法和经验，并对公司未来运用精细生产管理方式提出了改进建议和设想。文章得出的结论是：应用精细生产管理方式是“庆安制冷”公司提升竞争力的必然选择。
Through the development of the decade , science and technology of the chinese troops turn , the information - based construction obtained the very big development and progress , in this period also backlog in great quantities precious data resources , but , how handle effectively with analytical these datas , make it manage , make the training and construction to provide science for the troops , reasonable prop up with powerful decision , is the problem that the treats to resolve currently . the thesis takes the food purchase of the troops as an example , inquirying into the data warehouse and data to scoop out a technique to apply therein . the food purchase is a troops is an equal and important link of the logistic supply , relate to to the whole construction of the troops and the formation of the fighting strength directly . but still be placed in lower level in regard to the troops current food purchase condition , have no too many science basises in the purchase process , basically is be appointed according to the superior with descend class to report of the species carry on a purchase , and the food purchase is also isolated in the whole movement process , have no in consideration of and the personnel ' s health , make the training circumstance an internal latent connection of etc . 食品采购是部队后勤供应的一个相当重要的环节,直接关系到部队的整体建设和战斗力的形成。但就部队目前的食品采购状况而言,仍处于较低的水平,采购过程中没有太多的科学依据,基本上是按照上级指定和下级上报的品种进行采购,且食品采购在整个运行过程中也是孤立的,没有考虑到与人员的健康、作训情况等内部潜在的关联。本文认为利用先进的数据管理和数据挖掘技术,对部队现有的大量零散数据进行分析和挖掘,使其成为支持决策的有用知识,对强化部队管理、提高我军工作效率和战斗力以及进一步推进军队信息化建设的水平都有着十分重要的意义。
According to that , reengineers scientifically old purchasing organization and purchase flows , and aggrandizement of examinations during purchase plan constitution and purchase . then this paper proposes to apply advanced information technology to study and realize purchasing management system , and consequently decreasing purchasing cost , promoting purchase speed and strengthening purchase control 在此基础上对太重原有的采购组织和采购流程进行了科学重组，加强了采购计划制定和采购过程中的审核，并采用先进的信息技术和管理思想实现了采购系统，以便降低采购成本，提高采购速度，强化采购控制。
After january , 2003 , “ the law of government procurement ” came into force , both concentrative purchase and dispersive purchase are use by government , which starts an new trend of government purchase progress , using concentrative purchase to do more large quantity purchase , dispersive purchase is used less and less , it only used to do little quantity purchase . the list of government purchase has become longer and longer , the variety of materials and the quantity of materials has increased so sharply . our country ’ s government purchase has made a great progress , but but we still need to take notice of the other side of the fact , there are two important issues , the first is the obstacle of the reforming process in the field of public finance system ; and the second is the kinds of problems occurred in the process of government procurement 政府采购制度改革是我国公共财政改革的重要组成部分,引入我国从试点到推广实施仅有十年的时间,却取得了巨大的进展, 《政府采购法》在2003年1月开始实施后,我国采用集中采购与分散采购相结合的政府采购方式,开始了我国政府采购的集中化趋势进程,从早期分散采购演变为大批量的集中的采购方式,当然,小批量分散采购也结合其中,列入政府集中采购目录的物资种类与采购数量大大增加,取得了巨大的进展,却也存在着不少的问题,具体表现为政府采购过程中出现的各种操作性问题和政府采购制度推进的障碍,以及政府采购的环境效益问题,操作性问题和政府采购制度推进的障碍问题本质上可归纳为两方面,即内在因素,这是事前性的,偏重于制度性、体制性等根本问题;外在因素,这是管理操作层面的因素,政府采购的环境效益问题是由政府是否采购绿色产品,推动绿色产品在社会的使用而引出的,于是,对政府采购集中化趋势中所暴露出的问题进行分析,找出问题的根源以探寻解决的思路及对策就显得尤为急迫。
This text focuses on applying abc thought to make research of and design erp system ' s cost accounting and controlling flow on design stage 、 purchase stage 、 production stage and sale stage , primarily including that we : ( 1 ) on design stage , imitate and optimize activity - based cost , as well as establishing the relationship between production design and enterprise production activity chain and product bom through erp ' s cost imitation function , rejecting invalid and non value added activity on applying the thought of abcm , then optimizing activity chain 、 production structure and production design from the cost point of view ; ( 2 ) on purchase process , applies the thought of abc to account and control purchasing cost ; ( 3 ) on production stage , apply thought of abc to calculate the product cost , and use the method of activity difference variance analysis to control product cost ; ( 4 ) on sale stage , apply thought of 本文重点在erp系统的设计、采购、生产和销售等四个阶段，运用作业成本思想对其成本核算及控制流程作相关的设计研究，主要包括，一在设计阶段对作业成本进行模拟和优化，即通过erp成本模拟功能，建立产品设计方案与企业生产作业链和产品bom结构之间的对应关系，应用作业管理的思想，剔除无效非增值作业，优化作业链及产品结构，从成本的角度优化产品设计方案；二在采购过程中，应用作业成本思想核算与控制采购成本；三在生产制造阶段，运用作业成本思想计算产品成本，并采用作业差异分析法控制企业的产品成本；四在销售阶段，运用作业成本思想计算客户服务成本，为erp系统中的客户关系管理提供准确的决策数据信息。
This paper , on the theoretical and methodological basis of modern logistics and supply chain management , business process reengineering and e - commerce , brings forward a new mode for material procurement and procurement management based on supply chain , then according to that , reengineers scientifically old procurement organization and procurement flows and gains the realization of centralized procurement and aggrandizement of examinations during procurement - plan constitution and procurement . then this paper proposes to apply advanced information technology and e - commerce techniques to study and realize procurement management system on e - commerce , and makes enterprises procure online , consequently decreasing procurement cost , promoting procurement speed and strengthening procurement control 本文通过对现代物流与供应链管理、企业重组及电子商务等相关理论和方法的研究与探讨，提出了基于供应链的采购与采购管理的新模式，在此基础上对企业原有的采购组织和采购流程进行了科学重组，实现了企业的集中化采购，加强了采购计划制定和采购过程中的审核，并采用先进的信息技术和电子商务技术研究并实现了电子商务采购系统，使企业能够进行网上采购，从而降低采购成本，提高采购速度，强化采购控制。
Based on my working experience in beijing trs information technology limited and the particularities and complexity of e - government requirement and purchasing process are studied by using modern marketing theories and methods systematically in the beginning . and the actual status and characteristic of the e - government software market in china was analyzed scientifically through comparing approach of products competing dominance and market share , increscent sales ratio . then competition status of trs e - government system was evaluated by porter five forces model and a conclusion is that trs lacks of competitions power 本文结合笔者的实际工作，根据政府部门对电子政务软件产品技术和服务要求的特殊性和其采购过程的复杂性，系统运用了现代市场营销理论的基本原理和方法，首先分析了电子政务软件市场发展状况和特点，运用产品竞争优势比较、市场占有率和销售增长率比较等方法，根据波特竞争力模型对trs电子政务系统的行业市场竞争情况进行了评价，得出了trs电子政务系统市场竞争力不足的基本结论。
The enterprises of aerospace industry are wholly state - owned , they have not only the common characteristics of soe for instance the agency risk and the principal risk , but some particular , for example particular capital structure and because of the income from nation according with the costs of the present products , in order to get more dollars from nation finance ministry , the aerospace enterprises try their best to increase the costs and expenses of their products 航天系统的组织结构是以研究院为母公司，以研究所、工厂为子公司的科研生产联合体。它们属于国有企业，具有国有企业一般特点，又具有自身的特殊性，例如特殊资本结构；以成本为基础的合同诱使成本最大化成为企业经营目标；经营成果核算具有较大弹性以及军品采购过程缺乏明确的成本费用目标等等。
