According to statistics , by 1994 the impoverished parts of the ethnic minority areas were mainly located in western china , including five autonomous regions , 20 autonomous prefectures and 49 autonomous counties 据中国有关部门统计，到1994年，少数民族贫困地区主要分布在中国的西部，涉及5个自治区、 20个自治州、 49个自治县。
In order to promote common prosperity and progress for all our ethnic groups , we will increase support for economic and social development in ethnic minority areas and intensify training of ethnic minorities in all fields of work 加大对民族地区经济社会发展的支持力度，加强少数民族各类人才培养，促进各民族共同繁荣发展。
In accordance with the actual conditions in the ethnic minority areas , the state has worked out and adopted a series of policies and measures to assist these areas in developing their economies , and mobilize and organize the developed areas where han people live to support them 国家根据民族地区的实际情况，制定和采取了一系列特殊的政策和措施,帮助、扶持民族地区发展经济，并动员和组织汉族发达地区支援民族地区。
Each one , who is concerned about the development of the ethnic minority area , can not be optimistic about the basic education of the dai nationality in xishuangbanna under the condition that the basic education has been devoted unprecedented attention in our country in recent years 作为整个教育事业的奠基工程，基础教育目前在我国受重视的程度已达至空前，可西双版纳傣族的基础教育状况却让每一位关注和关心民族地区发展的有志之士不容乐观。
In this part , first , this paper gives a definition to the concept of the training and popularizing of the practical science - technology in the countryside of the ethnic minority areas . then , it analyzes the main factors which restrict the training and popularizing of the practical science - technology in the ethnic minority areas , in particular , analyzes how the cultural tradition affects on the dissemination of the modern science - technology . finaly , the paper discusses the special problem during the training and popularizing of the practical science - technology , expounds the feature and difficult point during the process of the training and popularizing work . ( 2 ) the study of history . the paper retraces the developing process of the training and popularizing of the practical science - technology in the countryside of the ethnic minority areas , analyzes its different feature in different times , sums up the succeed experience and major restraints 本研究主要分为以下部分： ( 1 )基础理论研究：阐释民族地区实用科技培训推广的基本理念；分析制约民族地区实用科技推广培训的主要因素，尤其是民族文化传统等独特因素的影响，以阐明其实用科技推广培训的特点； ( 2 )历史研究：总结我国乡村科技推广培训的发展历程、主要经验与教训； ( 3 )调查研究：探明当前民族地区乡村科技培训与推广的实践举措、面临的主要挑战与特殊问题； ( 4 )对策研究：借鉴国内外科技推广培训的制度和实践项目，尤其是比较具有跨时空、跨文化适应性、可供民族地区借鉴的策略、技术和手段，探讨促进当前民族地区实用科技推广培训的革新对策，包括体制改革、项目运作和质量保证等方面。
We have stressed the roles of ideology and natural resources in rural economic growth during our study : ideology that usually we call it unofficial restrain is a key factor of influencing rural economic growth in western ethnic minority areas of china ; natural resources is another main factor of restricting the rural economic growth of west 生产力要素划分突出了意识形态和自然资源在农村经济增长中的作用：意识形态等非正式约束是影响西部民族地区农村经济增长的重要因素；自然资源则是制约西部农村经济增长的又一主要因素。
Ningxia is one of the ethnic minority areas of the northwest of china , it is a fact that the difference between ningxia and the whole country exists in the key elements of productivity , so establishing ningxia relevant policies and measures of rural economy has both , generality and differences 宁夏是中国西北的民族地区，生产力要素与全国存在差异，发展宁夏农村经济的相关政策措施与全国既有共性又有区别。本文从投入、制度、技术和结构调整的角度提出了发展宁夏农村经济的对策。
As one important part of chinese law system , customary law of ethnic minority , which still affects ethnic minority areas greatly at the present age , has the most abundant contents and exercises the greatest influence in chinese law system , various ethnic minority , along with long period of living and production practices , develop their own national customary laws by which to protect the whole national interests , keep national internal order and to improve the peace and development of national areas 作为中华法系重要的组成部分，少数民族习惯法是中国习惯法体系中内容最丰富、影响最大的一种习惯法，它对当今的少数民族地区仍有重大影响。各少数民族在长期的生产生活实践中逐渐形成了本民族的习惯法，以维护民族整体利益，维持本民族内部秩序，促进民族地区的安定和发展。少数民族习惯法的内容极为广泛，涉及社会生活的各个方面各个领域。
Therefore , to maintain the harmonious development between the urban and the rural districts , we must adhere to the strategies of the urbanization of the countryside , the industrialization of the countryside , the industrialization of agriculture , the training of farmers with knowledge , and the shift of farmers into new areas , so that the surplus labor in the ethnic minority areas can be shifted to other areas and the construction of new countryside can be pushed ahead 因此，我们必须在城乡协调发展的思路下，坚持农村城市化、农村工业化、农业产业化、农民知识化、农民转移组织化等“五化”联动，促进民族地区农村剩余劳动力转移，为建设新农村起推动作用。
