A experiment on the water movement rule of the soil had been done before the field experiment , and then four irrigation regimes were placed in it , that is to say , three sub - irrigated areas hi contrast to a general irrigated area 在大田试验前，做了渗灌土壤水分运动规律试验，然后，在大田试验中设置了四个处理，即：三个水平渗灌区和一个漫灌区对照。结果表明： ( 1 )渗灌区的实际灌水量比漫灌区下降了58 . 15 81 . 63 。
Computer software system for hydrological data reorganization in irrigated area , which will be in common use , is developed firstly . in this system , the multi - curve ( including simple curve ) fitting equation and its graph can be generated automatically 首次研究开发出多曲线拟合(包括单曲线)自动生成曲线方程和图形的较为通用的灌区水文资料整编计算机软件系统，从而为灌区水文资料整编和管理向现代化方向迈进铺平了道路。
To adopt well irrigation and well drainage , develop and utilize ground water resources of irrigated area can not only effectively reduce the ground water level and prevent secondary alkalization of the soil , but also provide timely irrigation to crops through well and canal complementary 摘要灌区灌溉采用井灌井排，开发利用地下水资源，不但能有效降低地下水位，防止土壤次生盐碱化，还可以通过井渠互补，使农作物得到适时灌溉。
In the dissertation , the problems of the current irrigation forecasting models and methods are put forward . considering spatial variation in soils , a real - time forecast model of irrigation schedule at irrigated area scale is studied , so as to provide an approach for the more suitable decision support system of irrigation forecast and water management system 本文针对国内外现有的灌溉预报方法和模型存在的问题，考虑灌区土壤墒情空间变异特性，对灌区尺度的实时灌溉预报模型进行了研究，旨在提出适合我国灌区情况的灌溉预报决策支持系统和现代化灌区用水管理系统的实时灌溉预报方法。
It pays much attention not only to the identification of the reality of the documentary material but to the results of the on - the ? spot investigation . in addition , it pays great attention to the application of the method on the quantity study to achieve a result of plain explanation . ifn " water conservancy construction and the farming land cultivation , " we try to figure out the specific digits of the irrigated area and the area of farming land of different periods so that we can grasp the general trend of development of water conservancy construction and farming land cultivation 在研究方法上，本文不仅注意到文献资料真实性的辨别，而且对于实地考察的成果也格外重视；为了能够达到论说充分的效果，本文还注意量化研究方法的应用，如在上篇论述“水利建设与农地的垦殖”时，我们对于每个朝代的灌溉面积和农地垦殖面积都尽量推算出具体的数据，以便能够纵向把握水利建设与农地垦殖的发展总趋势，另外，文中所列大量表格也是这种研究方法的运用。
The usage quantity of chemical fertilizer and diesel 0 : 1take the first place in our province , the effective irrigated area is ninety percent of the cultivated area with the development of the economy and the improvement of the quality of the people who are engaged in agriculture , the agricultural production also changes : one aspect is the number of the labours who are engaged in agricultural prosecution is decreasing year by year . the labours of the rural areas are liberated from farming step by step and more and more labours take up the third industries and processing industries of the agricultural products and so on . the agricultural production calls for saving cost , racing against time and decreasing consumption . the other aspect is the quality of the people who are engaged in the agricultural production has some changes , that is the number of the labours whose ages are below 25 is 随着经济的发展和从业人员素质的提高农业生产也发生了变化,一方面人力投入粮食生产的比例在逐年下降,从事农业生产的农村劳动力逐年缩少,农村劳动力逐步从农业劳作中解放出来,走向农村第三产业和农产品加工行业等等,农业生产也随时要求实现节本、争时、减耗;同时,农业生产中一家一户小规模生产经营方式和产业结构调整带来的“插花地”的种植模式,使常规的保护性耕作措施不能完全适应现代农村农业生产的实际需要,结合秸秆还田以耙耕或旋耕代替传统的铧式犁翻耕是当前农业生产最为适宜的耕作方式。
Aiming at the present low efficiency of well irrigation works and through pumping tests and theoretical analysis , the paper derives a method for calculating the optimum water yield , the best lifting distance and economic pipe diameter of low pressure pipe delivery system of irrigated area by wells , increasing the efficiency of motor - pumped wells 针对目前井灌工程效率低下的问题，通过抽水试验，经过理论分析，推导出了井灌低压管道输水灌溉系统的最优出水量、最佳扬程和经济管径计算方法，从而可提高机井灌溉效率。
Through analyzing the condition of the canal , we build corresponding mathematical model and make hydraulic numerical simulation and researches based on hydraulic anti - analysis principle . we verify the causes of serious backwater of the canal , and put forward the rectifying and reforming measures according to the reality of the irrigated area 通过对渠道现状的具体分析，利用水力学问题的反分析原理，建立相应的数学模型，进行水力数值模拟和分析研究，力求探明渠道严重壅水的原因，并根据灌区实际情况提出了整改措施。
For these special area , how to use the proper water resource in the irrigated area as the cut - in point to develop waterfront landscape , and change the former method which is only focused on irrigation and water conservancy and how to make the best use of waterfront to build a rapid - developing area in city and town , is a urgent and real - life problem . it is worthy of serious reflection and hunting 在这样一个特定地区，如何利用灌区特有的渠水资源作为滨水景观开发的切入点，扭转以往仅仅聚焦于灌溉、水利的片面做法；如何解决灌区滨水景观的特殊性，最大限度发挥滨水空间的潜力，营造城镇更新的活跃地带，在当今城市大发展的宏观背景下，是一个迫切而又现实的问题，值得每一个建设者认真思索与探求。
It is mainly by analyzing the features of sediment concentration distribution in vertical in this paper , and then the problems of effect of headwork gates on sediment prevention , relation between distribution of sediment deposition in irrigated areas and its treatment and utilization , estimating the influence of withdrawing water and sediment on channel deposition and erosion in lower yellow river , and treatment and utilization of the sediment entered into canals are discussed 本文主要从分析计算含沙量沿垂线分布特点，探讨渠首防沙的作用，分析灌区泥沙淤积分布特性与泥沙处理利用的关系，分析计算引水引沙对黄河下游河道冲淤影响及入渠泥沙的处理利用等问题。
