While the lockhart committee suggested relaxing several provisions of the acts , it tightened others , especially those regulating the donation to research of embryos excess to " artificial reproductive technologies " , such as ivf 洛克哈特委员会建议放宽该法案的几项条款，但同时也加强了其它一些条款，特别是那些对不是捐助胚胎进行诸如体外受精等的“人工繁殖技术”的研究的规定。
Human granulosa cells isolated from follicular fluid of 16 patients received ivf or icsi were cultured in tcm199 medium . granulosa cells were examined to detect fshr by immunobiochemistry assay and rt - pcr . 3 对16例接受体外受精患者卵泡液中分离的卵巢颗粒细胞进行体外培养，利用免疫组化法和rt pcr法检测颗粒细胞的fshr的蛋白表达和mrna的表达，鉴定体外培养颗粒细胞的纯度； 3
According to the reviewers , about 80 percent of women who undergo in vitro fertilization will reach the embryo transfer stage with good - quality embryos , but “ only a small proportion will then go on to achieve a clinical pregnancy and fewer will achieve a live birth 根据评价人员的说法，大约80 %接受体外受精的女性会具有发育完好胚胎而进入胚胎移植期，但是“只有小部分可以继续完成临床怀孕，并且有较少女性可以达到婴儿安全出生。 ”
Taken together , these results indicated that an understanding of how in vitro oocyte maturation , in vitro fertilization and embryo culture systems influence both preimpiantation embryo and fetal development should result in systems that consistently produce normal embryos and fetuses 由此说明，体外受精的胚胎的质量显著低于体内受精的；体外培养液中同时添加雌激素和孕激素能协同促进小鼠胚胎的体外发育，提高胚胎移植后的发育潜力。
Materials and methods the mouse , golden hamster and human sperm were incubated with endotoxin in different concentration for different time to get capacitation , respectively , and ar was induced by progesterone after capacitation , then the rates of capacitation and ar were detected by chlortetracycline ( ctc ) and hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining method . the medium was with endotoxin in different concentration in sperm - oocyte fusion step during ivf , then the fertilization rate was observed . the 1 - cell , 2 - cell and zona - free 2 - cell mouse embryos were incubated in the medium with endotoxin , then the rate of blastocysts was recorded 方法取小鼠精子10份、金黄地鼠精子6份、人新鲜精液标本10份及人冷冻精液标本9份，分别与不同浓度内毒素共孵育进行体外获能和孕酮诱导的顶体反应，应用金霉素和dna结合的荧光染料hoechest33258双重荧光染色法检测精子的获能率和顶体反应率；小鼠体外受精实验的精卵结合环节培养液中加入不同浓度的内毒素，观察受精情况并记录受精率；取小鼠1 -细胞胚胎、 2 -细胞胚胎和去卵透明带2 -细胞胚胎，与不同浓度内毒素共孵育进行体外培养，观察体外发育情况并记录囊胚率。
A low implantation potential of human embryos replaced in the uterus after in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) is a great barrier in assisted reproduction . recently , failure of the embryonic zona pellucida to rupture following blastocyst expansion has been supposed as a possible contributing factor in implantation failure . and then an idea of creating a hole artificially in the zona pellucida , i . e . , assisted hatching ( ah ) has been put forward in order to help blastocyst hatching 体外受精胚胎移植( invitrofertilization - embryotransfer , ivf - et )中胚胎种植潜力较低一直是困扰人们的一个问题，近年来的一些研究认为囊胚扩张后透明带不破裂可能是种植失败的一个原因，于是提出人为地在透明带上打孔帮助胚胎孵出，即辅助孵出( assistedhatching ， ah )的思想。
Maturation rates of 9 types of reconstructed gv oocytes were not differed with maternal age . after maturation of reconstructed gv oocytes , the percentages of pronuclear - stage embryos and 2 - cell embryos developed from 9 types of reconstructed oocytes by ivf or artificial activation were not influenced by cytoplasmic or nuclear changes resulting from oocytes of different age groups of mice 不同年龄段小鼠进行gv互换所形成的9种重组卵母细胞，在经人工活化或体外受精后，形成原核期胚和2 -细胞期胚的比率并不因不同年龄小鼠卵母细胞所带来的细胞质或细胞核的改变而受到影响。
The mice showed also ageing - associated decline in oocyte quality , as indicated by increased frequency of premature chromatid separation , spindle disruption and / or chromosome misalignments in mii oocytes of aged mice . the gv oocytes from aged mice normally matured in vitro . the percentages of pronuclear - stage embryos , 2 - cell embryos and blastocyst derived from mii oocytes of aged mice by in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) were comparable with ones of young mice , but pronuclei formed 1 h later in aged mice than in young mice 老龄小鼠gv期卵母细胞能正常体外成熟；老龄小鼠m期卵母细胞经体外受精后形成原核期胚、 2 -细胞期胚和囊胚的比率与年轻小鼠比较无显著差异，但原核形成时间延迟1小时；在老龄小鼠卵母细胞，注射牛精子抽提物或sr ~ ( 2 + )处理时所诱发的ca ~ ( 2 + )振荡以及在减数分裂成熟及早期胚胎中的pkc分布未发生改变。
Background : in - vitro maturation ( ivm ) of human oocytes would be an attractive alternative to gonadotrophin stimulation for in - vitro fertilization ( ivf ) . it could avoid the complications of gonadotrophin stimulation and reduce the cost of drugs . however , the efficiency of existing ivm technique is suboptimal because embryos resulting from ivm oocytes exhibit frequent cleavage blocks and low implantation rate 研究背景：近20年来，辅助生育技术有了突飞猛进的发展，体外受精、卵浆内单精子注射技术( intracytoplasmicsperminjection , icsl )和种植前遗传学诊断技术的成熟标志着人类生殖医学进入了崭新的领域，但同时也不能否认，在这一领域中还存在诸如妊娠率低、药物副作用和多胎率高等问题。
Objective : l . to measure the levels of basal serum follicle stimulating hormone ( fsh ) , luteinizing hormone ( lh ) , estradio ( e2 ) in peripheral blood in natural menstrual cycle and to investigate the correlations between the hormones and ivf - et outcome . 2 . to measure the levels of fsh lh e2 in peripheral blood in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( coh ) cycle and to investigate the correlations between the hormones and ivf - et outcome 目的： 1 、测定控制超排卵患者控制超排卵周期前基础外周血促卵泡素( fsh ) 、黄体生成素( lh ) 、雌二醇( e _ 2 )水平，并探讨其与体外受精-胚胎移植( ivf - et )结果的相关关系。
