On the basis of the illustration of the origin , basic condition , connotation and historical mission of kinds of liability fixation , referring to the series viewpoints of applying liability fixation of infringing intellectual property both domestic and abroad , the paper does comparative research on fault liability fixation , presumed - fault liability fixation and non - fault liability fixation , and realized that liability fixation is merely the liability fixation of tortuous compensation liability 在阐述了侵权法各归责原则的由来、基本情况、内涵和历史使命的基础上，参照国内以及国外对知识产权侵权适用的归责原则的系列观点，文章对过错责任原则、过错推定原则和无过错责任原则做了对比研究，认识到归责原则只是侵权赔偿责任的归责原则。
The thesis constructs the system of civil compensate for environmental damage resulting from gene pollution in some aspects , such as liability principal , constitutive requirements , compensation principle , compensation range , compensation mode and certification of causality . the thesis thinks that some rules from traditional environmental tort should apply to environmental tort resulting from gmos , including no - fault liability , inferred causality and the inversion of the burden of proof . the thesis indicates china should found the funds for prevention of gene risk and create the system of funds for prevention of gene risk in some aspects , such as the mission of funds , resource of funds and operation of funds 最后,本文认为,与传统污染相比,基因污染有隐蔽性、增殖性、不可清除性和后果的不确定性等特点;基于风险防范原则和污染者负担原则,从责任主体、构成要件、赔偿原则、赔偿范围、赔偿的类型、因果关系的鉴定等方面创造性地构建了gmos导致的环境损害民事赔偿制度,主张传统环境侵权中的无过错责任原则、因果关系的推定和举证责任的倒置等也应适用于gmos导致的环境侵权;鉴于传统民事侵权赔偿救济的种种局限,本文强烈主张构建gmos损害赔偿社会化救济机制,即成立基因风险防范基金,并从基金的用途或任务、基金的来源和基金的具体运作等方面开拓性地建构了基因风险防范基金制度的雏形,设计了基因风险防范基金的两个配套制度,即基因税制和gmos强制责任保险制度。
Thirdly , i analysed our country ’ s tourism disputes and the status of legislation , and thought tourism operators should design the following responsibilities in our tourism contract legislation : 1 . the tourism operators should bear the responsibility without fault when violating tourism contract , meanwhile allowing tourism operators to invoke statutory or contractual provisions exempting their responsibilities 最后在对我国旅游纠纷的现状和立法规制的必要性进行分析的基础上,认为我国旅游合同立法应就旅游营业人的责任承担作出如下设计:第一,旅游营业人违反旅游合同应承担无过错责任,同时允许旅游营业人援引法定或约定条款免责。
By comparing different legislative systems on the imputation principle in contract liability in the two legal systems and by summing up the different opinions held by some scholars on this issue before and after the enforcement of " contract law " , and by making deeper analyses of it on the bases of the stipulations in " contract law " , this paper concludes that china has established a dichotomy regime in which the principles of liability for fault and non - fault coexist based on the imputation principle of contract liability . the paper is mainly focus on the innovative system in contract liability 文章通过对两大法系在合同责任归责原则方面不同立法体例的比较和对我国学者在《合同法》颁布前后对于合同责任归责原则的不同意见的归纳，并根据《合同法》的规定，对我国合同责任的归责原则进行了较为深入的分析，文章认为我国《合同法》在合同责任归责原则上，建立了以过错责任原则和无过错责任原则并存的二元化新机制。
The author makes a general analysis on attribution principle of tort law , holds that attribution principle system is composed of principle of negligence liability and principle of liability without negligence . the meaning of liability without negligence is similar to that of strict liability 文章首先对侵权行为法归责原则的一般理论作了简要论述，认为归责原则体系应由过错责任原则和无过错责任原则组成，而无过错责任与英美法上之严格责任在内涵上是基本一致的。
Firstly , this discourse defines the concept of vicarious liability of employers ; clarifies the characteristics of this system by comparison with other systems and describes the theoretical basis in stress . secondly , this discourse brings forward that , the principle adjusting the vicarious liability of employers shall a combination of doctrine of tort liability under the standard liability " s direction and doctrine of no - fault liability 其次，运用比较分析的方法，在对不同立法类型和学说分析和评价的基础上，提出雇主转承责任的归责原则应为本位责任指导下的过错责任和无过错责任相结合的原则，雇主转承责任构成必须具备的四个要件，并详细阐述了四个要件的判断标准。
