The second is that monopoly produces some positive effects : as static efficiency to say , there are four mechanisms , namely economies of scale , economies of scope , internalization of externalities and learning effect , which optimize the allocation of resources . monopoly advantages decrease of transaction cost . some extent monopoly has benefits to technology innovation and human capital accumulation 其次，垄断具有正的效应：从静态效率来看，垄断存在四种优化资源配置的机制(规模经济机制、范围经济机制、外部性内化机制和学习效应机制) ；垄断有利于机会成本的降低，从而可以提高社会经济活动的效率；从动态效率来看，一定程度的垄断有利于技术进步和人力资本的积累，因而是动态有效的。
Combining with the practice of development of modern enterprise group , the paper analyzes the forms of growth of modern enterprise group , concludes the common laws of enterprise growth by the model of enterprise modularity analysis . besides , this thesis studies the effects of the equilibrium of enterprise value chain structure to its growth , proves the mechanism of economic technology matrix of enterprise value chain deciding the growth speed of modern enterprise group , puts forward the approach of modern enterprise group realizing growth from the angel of complexity , points out the intension of the mainly present enterprise growth theories , such as scope economy theory , diversification theory and globalization operating theory 论文结合现代企业集团成长实践，分析了现代企业集团成长的实现形式，并运用企业价值链结构模块化分析模型，总结了现代企业成长的一般规律，重点研究了现代企业集团集约化成长与企业价值链结构均衡性的内在关系，证明了企业价值链经济技术矩阵水平对企业成长速度及效益的决定机理，提出了现代企业集团实现高速成长的路径，从结构复杂性的角度进一步揭示了范围经济理论、多角化理论、国际化经营理论等当前主要企业成长理论的本质内涵。
The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as the followings : l ) deducing and proving the " three in one " theory of natural monopoly , that is , from the angles of economies of scale , economies of scope and economies of network , giving an explanation of natural monopoly ; 2 ) putting forward the concept of " strict superadditivity " and proving that total value function and total revenue function of network economy have strict superadditivity ; 3 ) summarizing the emerging characteristics in the market definition of natural monopoly , that is , in the monopoly industry , " market " tends to be more and more smaller than " industry " ; 4 ) expounding that the objective patterns of regulatory reforms of the railway industry in china are explicit regulation with partly characteristics of implicit regulation ; 5 ) proving the idea that the structural reforms of the railway industry in china should be hierarchical ; 6 ) demonstrating the theoretical bases for whether infrastructure management should be separated from transpo rt operation ; 7 ) expounding and proving that the interior of the railway industry in china should implement the differential property rights reform pattern 本文的研究特点在于： ( 1 )在规模经济、范围经济的基础上进一步推导并证明了网络经济与自然垄断的关系，即自然垄断可以从规模经济、范围经济、网络经济三个角度来解释论述； ( 2 )明确提出了一个与鲍莫尔、潘泽与威利格等人提出的“成本劣加性”相类似的概念? ?价值优加性，并证明了网络经济的总价值函数和总收益函数具有严格优加性； ( 3 )概括了自然垄断市场界定中所出现的新特征，即在垄断产业中， “市场”正越来越小于“产业” ； ( 4 )进一步论证了中国铁路产业规制创新的目标模式是兼有部分内生规制特点的外生规制； ( 5 )在中国铁路产业的结构改革中应体现分层次的思想； ( 6 )明确论述了内容提要铁路路网公司等自然垄断环节是否分割的理论基础; ( 7 )提出并进一步证明了中国铁路产业内部应实行差异化的产权改革模式。
This paper shall focus and dwell on this topic . to begin with , this paper employs economic theories of scale economy and scope economy to analyze issues of scale and scope in developing schools directly under the ministry of education , and thereby closely examine the scale of these schools case - by - case . it concludes that , under the current situation , these schools should reap the optimal benefits possible in terras of scale and scope 本文首先运用经济学中的规模经济与范围经济理论，分析教育部直属高校办学规模的规模经济与范围经济问题，并据此理论实证分析各类教育部直属高校办学规模，得出：在当前形势下，教育部直属高校办学规模可以发挥最佳规模效益和范围效益，即大多数教育部直属高校还有扩大办学规模的空间。
