If one party is suffering losses owing to the other party s breach of contract , it shall take prompt measures to prevent the losses from increasing ; if it does not promptly do so , it shall not have the right to claim compensation for the additional losses 第一百一十四条当事人一方因另一方违反合同受到损失的，应当及时采取措施防止损失的扩大没有及时采取措施致使损失扩大的，无权就扩大的损失要求赔偿。
Article 114 if one party is suffering losses owing to the other party ' s breach of contract , it shall take prompt measures to prevent the losses from increasing ; if it does not promptly do so , it shall not have the right to claim compensation for the additional losses 第一百一十四条当事人一方因另一方违反合同受到损失的，应当及时采取措施防止损失的扩大；没有及时采取措施致使损失扩大的，无权就扩大的损失要求赔偿。
In case a railway transport enterprise fails to deliver the goods , parcels or luggage to their consignee or owner passenger after thirty days in excess of the time limit , the shipper , consignee or passenger concerned shall be entitled to claim compensation for loss from the railway transport enterprise 铁路运输企业逾期三十日仍未将货物、包裹、行李交付收货人或者旅客的，托运人、收货人或者旅客有权按货物、包裹、行李灭失向铁路运输企业要求赔偿。
Where a person other than the passenger claims compensation with respect to the death or injury of the passenger , the carrier may similarly be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage , if the carrier proves that the death or injury was caused by or contributed to by the fault of the passenger himself 旅客以外的其他人就旅客死亡或者受伤提出赔偿请求时，经承运人证明，死亡或者受伤是旅客本人的过错造成或者促成的，同样应当根据造成或者促成此种损失的过错的程度，相应免除或者减轻承运人的责任。
Article 11 if import commodities other than those which are subject to inspection by the commodity inspection authorities in accordance with this law are found to be not up to the quality standard , damaged or short on weight or quantity , the consignee shall apply to the commodity inspection authorities for inspection and the issuance of an inspection certificate if such a certificate is necessary for claiming compensation 第十一条本法规定必须经商检机构检验的进口商品以外的进口商品的收货人，发现进口商品质量不合格或者残损短缺，需要由商检机构出证索赔的，应当向商检机构申请检验出证。
At the beginning of the thesis , the author recalls the historical development of the consumer ' s right to claim compensation in china , summarizes the basic theories in this field and the relevant regulations of this type of consumer right in existing legal documentation , and discusses the necessity and importance of improving the consumer ' s right of compensation claim 本文首先从历史的角度论述消费者索赔权的历史发展情况，分析和总结了消费者索赔权的基本理论、我国现行法律对此权利的有关规定以及完善消费者索赔权的紧迫性和重要性；并且对国外消费者索赔权制度的现状进行了分析，然后总结了中国应该引入的一些先进经验和具体做法。
In the transport of cargo , if the carrier proves that the damage was caused by or contributed to the fault of the person claiming compensation , or the person from whom he derived his right , the carrier shall be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage 在货物运输中，经承运人证明，损失是由索赔人或者代行权利人的过错造成或者促成的，应当根据造成或者促成此种损失的过错的程度，相应免除或者减轻承运人的责任。
The author then analyzes the basis of the consumer ' s right to claim compensation in foreign countries and extracts some valuable knowledge from foreign practices that , from the author ' s perspective , is applicable to china ' s circumstances . based on the above studies , the author finally puts forward corresponding policy suggestions on legislating consumer compensation claims rights . from the perspective of judicial practice , she first suggests establishing small claims courts favorable to consumers ; second , she calls for legislating an exemplary loss compensation system ; third , she seeks to establish a group litigation system that will further benefit consumers in claming compensation ; and finally , the author argues that the mature legal consciousness of people is the key to implementing sound legislation 最后，在前面分析研究的基础上，笔者针对中国消费者索赔权行使的现状及有关法律法规，从战略的高度提出了相应的政策建议，认为应首先从司法实践方面，建立便于当事人诉讼的小额法庭，完善当前的诉讼模式；其次，要完善惩罚性损害赔偿制度的立法；再次，在诉讼制度上确立更加有利于保护消费者行使索赔权的群体诉讼制度；最后指出，完善的制度要依靠人来实施，没有良好的法律意识是无法贯彻执行好立法的本意，应努力引导和推动消费者和执法者加强维权意识的提高。
Article 13 if import commodities other than those which are subject to compulsory inspection by the commodity inspection authorities in accordance with this law are found to be not up to the quality standard , damaged or short on weight or quantity , the consignee shall apply to the commodity inspection authorities for inspection and the issuance of an inspection certificate if such a certificate is necessary for claiming compensation 第十三条本法规定必须经商检机构检验的进口商品以外的进口商品的收货人，发现进口商品质量不合格或者残损短缺，需要由商检机构出证索赔的，应当向商检机构申请检验出证。
