Aimed at the parameter estimation and model reduction problems of non - linear systems in noisy environment , a class of particle swami optimization ( pso ) approach with hypothesis test is proposed , named psoht , which estimates parameters by using pso operator in conjunction with evaluation and comparison in statistical sense to minimize mean square error function 摘要针对噪声环境下的非线性系统参数估计和模型降阶问题，提出了一种带假设检验的微粒群优化算法( psoht ) ，以最小化平均平方误差为目标，结合统计意义下的评价和比较，通过微粒群操作进行参数估计。
In this paper , we define the test contradiction in hypothesis test and point out that it will result in wrong judgment with quite large probability if neglecting the contradiction but only by conventional test when testing unilaterally parameter of distribution function especially in engineering , economic and scientific research , it ' s quite possible to make such a mistake as will lead to serious consequences 摘要定义了假设检验中的“检验矛盾”概念，指出对分布未知参数进行单边检验过程中，仅仅依靠常规形式检验而忽视“检验矛盾” ，将以相当大的概率导致错误的判断，特别在工程、经济、科学研究等项目中作出类似错误的判断，将产生严重的危害。
Firstly , a fourth - orders statistic hypothesis testing in inter - frame difference is used to automatically separate the moving areas from the background in a general video sequence . secondly , change areas are extracted as markers of the corresponding moving object . using the marker , region - growing algorithm can locate the precise boundary of moving object ( 3 )基于轮廓跟踪；首先介绍了提取初始模板方法?基于高次统计的判决算法，通过选择合适的背景噪声阈值，最终得到较好的结果，然后对于后续帧中的边界提取，提出将灰度图像所使用的区域生长方法进行改进，即将它们运用到彩色图像中，通过选择合适的生长规则，得到较好边界图。
The thesis analyzes the sample distribution through quantificational and statistical way and hypothesis tests . the thesis discusses the mechanism that leads to the earning management of listed companies and the way through which the earning management come true . the thesis also proposes some suggestion about building up the securities business in our country 本文采用实证研究的方法，选择中国a股上市公司1998 ? 2000年度的净资产收益率( roe )作为研究对象，对样本分布进行了定量的统计分析和假设检验，从理论和实践相结合的角度系统地论述了上市公司盈余管理形成的机制和实现方式，并对如何进一步健全我国证券市场提出了若干建议。
( 2 ) when analyzing the testing method for the " day - of - week effect " , we considered the ols regression effect and the testing power will decrease because of the different variable in real securities data . we considered the identification . estimation and hypothesis testing of the linear regression model with one rank auto - regression ( ar ( 1 ) ) error ( 3 ) we considered how investors reasonably utilize the testing result of the " day - of - week effect " to direct the investment strategies after obtained it ( 2 )在对“周内效应”的检验方法进行分析时，考虑到实际证券数据由于具有异方差性，使得利用ols进行回归将导致回归效果和检验的势降低，我们对于具有一阶自回归误差的线性回归模型，仔细讨论了该模型的识别、估计和对相应参数假设检验的方法。
This article firstly studies the theory of structure reliability , summarizes the various computational methods , and compares them with each other . for some comparatively secondary structures whose reliability need not be known definitely , their reliability can be estimated though the method of hypothesis testing 论文首先对结构可靠度理论加以分析研究，总结出结构可靠度计算的各种方法，并对各种方法加以比较；针对某些不需要明确计算可靠度或相对次要的结构，可以通过假设检验估计法进行可靠性评估。
