The parameter in the xin ' anjiang model , imp , was extracted directly from above land use / cover data . another parameter , sm , in each subcachment and in each raster grid was obtained from the relation between sm and the ratio of forest land area to subcatchment area . thus , a semi - distributed hydrological model and a distributed hydrological model were established to analyze the effect of some parameters in xin ' anjiang on runoff process according to the spatial variability of land surface characteristics 将遥感技术获取的土地利用和地表覆盖一公里栅格信息与数字高程模型数据进行空间配准，然后通过构建林地面积比与新安江模型参数sm的关系间接确定各子流域及各栅格单元的的sm值，新安江模型参数imp由配准好的土地利用和地表覆盖信息直接提取，由此建立方案与方案，来分析受下垫面覆盖的空间不均匀性影响的模型部分参数是如何对模拟水文过程产生影响的。
Overlays or resurfacings are the most frequently used technique in asphalt pavement maintenance and rehabilitation . overlays are used not only to improve surface characteristics of the pavement , but also to strengthen existing pavements to support future traffic loadings and hence to prolong the service life of the pavements effectively 加铺罩面是对沥青路面进行养护维修的一种最常用的方法，它不仅可以改善路面的使用功能，还可以提高路面的结构强度，有效延长路面的使用寿命。
Finally , the pmma / sio2 micron - composites was prepared by in - stu polymerization , and the properties of this composites filled with different surface characteristic and content ratio white carbon was study . the results revealed that improving interfacial compatibility and strength between micron - white carbon and polymer were beneficial to improving the mechanics , thermal stability and resistant solvent 结果表明：对于微米级的白炭黑粒子，提高其与聚合物基体的界面相容性和界面强度，对复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性以及耐溶剂性能有很好的改善。
Third , based on the parameterization of the related land surface characteristics , using the probability density functions ( pdf ) and the grossly dynamic resistance method , a statistical - dynamical parameterization scheme is put forward . the mean evapotranspiration flux of lower reaches of the yangtze river is calculated by tins scheme and the results are compared with the formers " conclusions . finally , the calculated results by the statistical - dynamical parameterization scheme are compared with the mosaic method 第三，在进行了有关地表特征物理量的参数化后，结合拟合的概率密度函数，根据总体动力掌阻抗法，提出了一种考虑网格区整体非均匀性的统计-动力参数化方案，并采用这种方案计算了长江三角洲地区的平均蒸发散通量，计算结果与以前研究者的研究成果进行了比较验证。
Firstly , the surface characteristic of polystyrene particle is changed from water detesting to water intimity by using special techniques and admixtures so mat the compound quality with inorganic materials is insured . secondly , the contradiction between the weight and strength is solved through optimizing the particle size and using composite fiber and the best heat conductivity is achieved under the condition that the necessary strength is met . in the research process , the author solved the problem of fiber dispersing in insulating materials so that the contraction of the material is controlled 课题研究中，首先采用特殊的改性工艺及外加剂实现对聚苯乙烯颗粒表面的成功改性，使其表面由憎水转化为完全亲水，确保与无机材料的复合质量；其次，通过采用优化骨料级配及使用复合纤维等措施解决了保温材料的轻质与强度的矛盾，使保温材料在满足必要的强度的前提下，导热系数降至最小；并且，课题研究中成功解决了纤维在保温材料中均匀分散的问题，达到了抑制保温材料收缩的目的；最后，通过采用复合外加剂、合适的胶凝材料及合理的配比等措施确保该保温材料具有良好的和易性，满足施工的要求。
To improve understanding of the processes of heterogeneous land surface - atmosphere interaction , the utilization of satelli te remote sensing is indispensadle . in this paper , with the aid of satellite remote sensing and fiend observational data which observed during intensive observation of huaihe river bain energy and water cycle experiment hubex in 1998 , the surface albedo , ndvi normalized difference vegetaton index and surface temperature in regional scale of hubex could be derived . then , the distribution of regional energy balance components could be estimated . this wor provided the physical foundation for the numerical simulation of the huaihe river basin energy and water pro cesses , and is important for us to further analyze the regional distribution of surface characteristic parameters ad energy balance components with the change of the weather situation in hubex in 1998 . our work is still in a developing stage , some methods of retrieval in the paper should be improved further 利用1998年淮河流域加密观测试验hubex iop期间的资料，进行淮河流域能量平衡的参数化方案的研究，用noaa卫星的avhrr资料建立了试验区地表特征参数及能量平衡各分量的参数化方程，并对卫星遥感反演结果和试验观测值进行了对比，为淮河流域能量和水循环的数值模拟提供了物理依据。
These materials are strong , durable , have a ceramic - like sound and feel with good surface characteristics , are creep resistant , cost - effective , have broad chemical resistance , good electrical insulating properties , and are inherently flame retardant without the use of flame retardant additives 这些材料坚固耐用，有陶瓷一般的音质和质地，有优良的表面特征，抗攀爬，节省成本，对多种化学品都有抵抗作用，具有优良的电绝缘特性，无需使用滞燃添加剂而具有天然的滞燃作用。
But the surface characteristics is minor . when rigidity of granulated crumb rubber is increased , the performance of mixture is improved including compaction performance , volume performance and enduring performance . the ratio of coarse aggregates , granulated crumb rubber and coarse granulated crumb rubber are confirmed using the central composite design and response surface methodology 研究结果表明,橡胶颗粒的形状特性和力学特性对混合料的性能影响较大,随细长扁平颗粒含量的减小,硬度的增大,混合料的压实特性、体积特性和使用的耐久性增强;橡胶颗粒的表面特性的差异对混合料性能有一定影响,但其影响并不显著。
They are shape characteristics , surface characteristics and physical and mechanical characteristics . the technical index are confirmed through performance test . the results indicate the shape characteristics and the physical and mechanical characteristics are important to performance of mixture 从橡胶颗粒的形状特性、表面特性和力学特性角度入手,分析了橡胶颗粒的技术性质对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料压实特性、体积特性、弹性变形特性和耐久性能等的影响,并最终确定出沥青混合料用橡胶颗粒的技术指标要求。
