Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of segement a of chinese infectious bursal disease virus ( ibdv ) hb - bp strain isolated from hebei province was studied in this thesis . the experiments as below were included : double - strand rna of viral genome was purified by licl gradient precipitation , 48 hours after bursa was harvested from chicken which had been inoculated with hb - bp strain . referred to the published sequence two primers were designed and synthesized 给4周龄spf雏鸡人工接种鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒hb - bp毒株， 48小时后采取法氏囊，用双licl分级沉淀法提纯全长基因组dsrna ，设计一对引物，通过rt - pcr方法进行了体外扩增，获得hb株a节段基因全长cdna 。
The steady dead generation and time that was caused by the isolated virus was certain by chicken embryo which was inoculated on seven or nine days . the histopathological changs of the infectious stunting syndrom were studied by the way of ordinary paraffin section and he dying . the experimental result were as follows : the test proved that the changes of the chicken embryo were different in different stage . the chicken embryo dead in a week after it inoculated . the body was dropsy and hemorrhage . dead before it hatched out , the embyo body were dropsy , pale and slime . the liver was yellow and swolled , gallbladder ( vesica fellea ) was filled with bile . bursa and glandula thymus analosis . the kindey dropsy . bowel lamina were humble , dilatation . gas and yellow foam were filled the bowel . histopathological changes were that , in early stage , obvious changes of liver and kindey were dropsy , hemorrhage and necrosis . two types eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies including large round and little granular were present in cells of the above organs . the obvious changes of bursa were dropsy , adverse folliiculated growth and little lymphocytes proliferating , 19 - 21 days chicken embryo , one or two big empty vacuoles were prensent in cells of liver and kindey . the number of the folliculi was growing , the vacuoles between cells were larger 胆囊充盈、其内充满稀薄的胆汁；法氏囊、胸腺萎缩，肠道扩张、肠壁菲薄、内充满气体及黄色泡沫状物；肾脏肿大。病理组织学变化方面，早期肝脏、肾脏、肠主要以出血、水肿和坏死为主，且肝细胞核及肾小管的上皮细胞核内均发现有核内包涵体，包涵体呈嗜酸性，为大型圆形包涵体或不规则的颗粒状；法氏囊则以水肿、滤泡发育不良、小型淋巴细胞数量增多为主。 19 21日龄鸡胚肝细胞、肾小管上皮细胞的胞浆内出现1 2各大的空泡，法氏囊滤泡数目增多细胞间有较大空隙。
The results showed that , at 12 48 hrs post infection , the bursal epithelial cells bore swollen and necrotic shape . the lymphoid cells in the medulla and cortex of lymphoid follicles had various degrees of degeneration and necrosis . the lymphoid follicles showed glandular structures or cystic vacuoles owing to the prolifetation of bursal epithelium and lymphocyte depletion . lymphoid follicles from bursa at 72 144 hrs post inoculation became atropy . marked proliferation of interfollicular and interstitial connective tissue was present 结果表明，病毒感染后12 48小时，雏鸡法氏囊粘膜上皮细胞肿胀、坏死脱落，淋巴滤泡髓质部及皮质部淋巴细胞不同程度变性、坏死、排空，形成腺管样结构或囊状空泡，接毒后72 144小时，法氏囊淋巴滤泡淋巴细胞坏死排空，淋巴滤泡萎缩，网状结缔组织大量增生，而胚胎发育时期，法氏囊粘膜上皮肿胀变性，法氏囊淋巴滤泡形成延迟或不完整，淋巴滤泡内淋巴细胞缺乏或空虚。
Spf chickens with 21 - day - old were infected subcutaneously with oil - emulsion vaccine of ibdv of germinal or cellcular and injected intramuscularly with different dosages bursin which gain through ultrafilter . lt is proved that bursin of chickens and ducks can both shorten the time of antibody induced against ibdv , raise the level of serum antibody . they make chickens obtaining strong immunocompetente in a short time . agp liters of the group of infecting 0 . 4mlcbs + ibdv of germinal and 0 . 8mlcbs + ibdv of cellcular or 0 . 8mldbs + ibdv of germinal and cellcular are higher than immune control group about 2 liters averagely . the chickens were inoculated with ibdv live vaccine mixed with the different dosages of lyophilized bursin by the eye drop method . the results sugest that cbs or dbs of different dosages can both improve the antibody inducation to different age chickens against ibdv . they may also alleviate the immunological injury of activated virus to bursa of fabricius . and promote the repairation of the lesion . it can be found that bs can raise body weight gain and feed coversion ratio 将超滤获得的法氏囊活性肽分别以不同剂量肌肉注射21日龄spf鸡，同时颈部皮下注射ibd胚毒或细胞毒灭活苗，结果表明：鸡、鸭法氏囊活性肽都能够缩短ibd油苗诱导产生抗体的时间，提高抗体水平，使鸡可以在比较短的时间内获得坚强的免疫。 0 . 4mlcbs胚毒组和0 . 8mlcbs细胞毒组或0 . 8mldbs胚毒和细胞毒组的agp抗体滴度平均比免疫对照组高2个滴度。将法氏囊活性肽与ibd活苗联合免疫鸡，结果表明：不同剂量的cbs和dbs都可以对不同日龄鸡ibd抗体的产生有不同程度的促进作用；还可以减少弱毒对鸡法氏囊组织的损伤，加快其修复。
The results indicated that both commercial vaccines protected mothernal antibody - free chickens very effectively against gx8 / 99 challenge . but both vaccine theselves also incuce atrophy of the bursa and thymuses . many reports has been demonstrated that the sub - clinic infections of immunosuppressive viruses in chickens are very common 结果表明，用于试验的两个中等毒力疫苗虽然在spf鸡可引起法氏囊和胸腺不同程度的萎缩，但确实能够100保护己经免疫的spf鸡免于该超强毒ibdv人工感染造成的死亡。
Before backbone nerve , hind the is highlighted by film of spinal cord stiff backbone and arachnoid bursa more scabbard place when the root walks out of vertebra to be in charge of is wrapped by , call backbone film sleeve , the clearance between two scabbard and arachnoid next antrum are interlinked , nerve root is complete dip in cerebrospinal fluid , from this before , hind two wear film of classics stiff backbone severally , the scabbard that forms for stiff backbone film respectively laps , the fu in two by there is one cranny to call backbone film pocket between putamen , this scabbard is wrapped by hind the backbone ganglion of the root 脊神经前、后根走出椎管时多被脊髓硬脊膜及蛛网膜囊突出的鞘所包被，称为脊膜袖，两鞘之间的间隙和蛛网膜下腔相通，神经根完全浸于脑脊液中，自此前、后两根各自穿经硬脊膜，并分别为硬脊膜形成的鞘包裹，在两根的覆被硬膜之间有一裂隙称为脊膜囊，此鞘并包被后根的脊神经节。
It was found that three polysaccharides had no effect on growth performance of broilers relative to the control during the 28day trial , but affected the immunity in a different way ; they all increased bursa index significantly ( p < 0 . 01 ) , achyranthan ( ach ) also increased hi titers significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) and lymphocyte proliferation ( p = 0 . 12 ) , three polysaccharide also significantly affected serum index , they increased serum albumin and calcium concentration significantly . the result indicates that smaller molecular weight polysaccharide may be more effective than larger ones in stimulating immunity when administered orally 研究发现：三种多糖对肉鸡生产性能无显著影响，但对免疫功能有一定影响：三种多糖均显著提高了法氏囊指数( p 0 . 01 ) ，牛膝多糖还显著提高了肉鸡新城疫抗体滴度( p 0 . 05 ) ，对外周血淋巴细胞转化率也有一定影响，但差异不显著( p = 0 . 12 ) ，三种多糖对肉鸡anae阳性率及脾脏、胸腺指数均无显著影响。
Extract the bursin from the bursa fabricius of chichens and ducks through the ultrafilter with loooda filter . ( the bursin of chickens - cbs . the bursin of ducks - dbs ) determine the major constitution by high - performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) and thin - layer chromatography ( tlc ) . it is proved that there is bursin ( bs ) in two extractions . caculate the quantitation of bursin in the extraction of the bursa fabricius of chickens and ducks . it can be found through tlc that the quantitation of cbs in the extraction of the bursa fabricius of chickens is 1 . 436mg / ml and the quantitation of dbs in the extraction of the bursa fabricius of ducks is 4 . 035mg / ml . the result obtained through hplcis that the quantitation of cbs is 1 . 199mg / ml and dbs is 3 . 316mg / ml 采用超滤法从正常鸡、鸭法氏囊组织中提取分子量小于1000da的物质，分别以薄层层析法和高压液相色谱法检测其主要成分，证明两种超滤液中均有法氏囊活性肽(囊素三肽， bursin ， bs )的存在，分别计算鸡、鸭法氏囊提取物中的囊素三肽的含量。薄层层析方法求得鸡法氏囊提取物中的bs含量为1 . 436mg / ml ，鸭法氏囊提取物中的bs含量为4 . 035mg / ml ；高压液相色谱的方法求得鸡法氏囊提取物中的贴含量为1 . 199mg / ml ，鸭法氏囊提取物中bs含量为3 . 316mg / ml 。
The cause that causes dark skiing ulcer has a lot of , have endocrine , food , genetic factor , the one mite bug that returning bug having mite also is the main reason that causes dark skiing ulcer lives inside wool bursa and sebaceous glands , it absorbs the nutrition of wool bursa and sebaceous glands cell , discrepancy skin carries a lot of bacteria , it secretes the dead damage body of excretive material and mite bug to be able to cause the skin organize inflammation to cause dark skiing ulcer 引起暗疮的原因有很多，有内分泌、饮食、遗传的因素，还有螨虫也是引起暗疮的重要原因之一螨虫生活在毛囊和皮脂腺内，它吸收毛囊和皮脂腺细胞的营养，出入皮肤带入很多细菌，它分泌排泄的物质和螨虫的死亡残体都会造成皮肤组织发炎引起暗疮。
