The first type of the dipolar defects will cause two successive 90 ? rotations of the direction of the dipoles during the process of switching , while the switching behavior of the ferroelectric system with the second type of the dipolar defects shows almost a single 1800 flipping 在外场转向的情况下，偏离平衡位置的偶极缺陷会引起缺陷周围的偶极子的两次90度反转，而极化取向固定的这类偶极缺陷不会导致偶极子的90度反转。
The absorption characteristics was that the surface plasma absorption peak appeared around 570 nm shifted to a short wavelength and strengthened as the cu composition increased . but the maximal shift range of the absorption - edge preponderated over 500 nm , and leaded that the dipolar plasma resonance absorption peak were covered up and gradually disappeared in the absorption spectrum . we theoretically explained the mechanism of the modulating action 实验观察到cu表面等离子体共振吸收峰位在570lun附近的吸收边频移量超过了500nln .理论分析表明，吸收峰位的移动主要源于偶极共振，而峰形的宽化主要由纳米粒子的表面效应和量子尺寸效应引起
Abstract : we have studied theoretically a beat effect in a four - level system due to fifth - order optical polarization , and considered the cases that the pump beams have either narrowband or broadband linewidth . we have found that the accuracy for the energy - level splitting measurement is determined by the homogeneous linewidths of the optical transitions . that is to say , this technique can achieve doppler - free precision in the measurement of the energy level splitting between two excited states which are dipolar forbidden from the ground state 文摘:研究了四能级系统中基于五阶极化的拍频效应，考虑了抽运光束为窄带线宽或宽带线宽的情形.发现其对能级分裂的测量精度决定于光学跃迁的均匀增宽.也就是说，这种技术在测量与基态是偶极禁戒跃迁的两激发态之间的能级分裂时，可得到消除多普勒增宽的精度
If the position of the non - polarization slab shifts from the center to the surface , the number of the peaks of the susceptibility will change , and a step - like polarization curve is found . finally , two types of the dipolar defects are introduced into the lattice - based ferroelectric system 杂质层的空间位置的变化，如由中心对称位置向表面方向移动，会导致多层膜的相变温度升高，介电极化率由一个峰变为两个峰，多层膜的极化随温度升高出现跳跃下降( step一likepolarization ) 。
