In the past several years , sensitive imaging tests have shown that neurons and glia engage in a two - way dialogue from embryonic development through old age 过去数年来，灵敏的造影实验已经指出，从胚胎发育到老年，神经元与神经胶细胞一直都保持双向沟通。
And the most recent work shows that glia also communicate among themselves , in a separate but parallel network to the neural network , influencing how well the brain performs 最近的研究也指出，神经胶细胞可以在平行但不同于神经网路的另一个网路中互相沟通，影响脑功能的表现。
Whether the young cells that persist become neurons or glia depends on where in the brain they end up and what type of activity is occurring in that brain region at the time 这些存活下来的年轻细胞，究竟会变成神经细胞还是神经胶质细胞，则要看它们出现的脑区域以及这个脑区域当时发生哪些活性而定。
Glia influence the formation of synapses and help to determine which neural connections get stronger or weaker over time ; such changes are essential to learning and to storing long - term memories 神经胶细胞会影响突触的形成，也会帮助决定神经连结随时间而增强或减弱，这种变化是学习与储存长期记忆所必需的。
But how could the glia in our experiment be detecting the neuronal firing , given that the axons made no synaptic connections with the glia and the axonal glia were nowhere near the synapse 不过轴突并没有突触与神经胶细胞接触，而且轴突上的神经胶细胞又离突触那麽远，我们实验中的神经胶细胞如何才能够侦测神经元的活性呢？
The results are as follows : 1 . there are many spheroidal glomeruli in the antennal lobe , either as individuals or in combination , surrounded by neuron cells , coarse neuropil , i . e . nonglomeruli region and more or less glia or glial processes 结果发现： ( 1 )日本弓背蚁触角叶中分布许多大小不一，近似球形的嗅觉纤维球。这些纤维球的分布是不连续的，被神经元细胞群、非嗅觉纤维球纤维分开。
Meanwhile physiologists and biochemists were finding that glia had receptors for many of the same neurotransmitters neurons use for synaptic communication , as well as most of the ion channels that enable neurons to fire action potentials 同时，生理学家与生化学家也发现，神经胶细胞有受体，可以接受神经元用以做突触沟通的许多神经传递物，它们也同样有大多数神经元用来产生动作电位的离子通道。
Neuroscientists are cautious about assigning new prominence to glia too quickly , yet they are excited by the prospect that more than half the brain has gone largely unexplored and may contain a trove of information about how the mind works 神经科学家虽然小心翼翼地不愿太快赋予神经胶细胞新的地位，但他们还是为其前景感到兴奋，因为脑有一半以上的区域一直都未经探索，而其中可能含有解开心智运作的宝贵资讯。
Glia , even though they outnumber nerve cells nine to one , were thought to have only a maintenance role : bringing nutrients from blood vessels to neurons , maintaining a healthy balance of ions in the brain , and warding off pathogens that evaded the immune system 虽然神经胶细胞的数目是神经元数目的九倍，但被认为只扮演维护的角色：将血管里的养份输送给神经元、维持脑中适当的离子平衡，以及抵抗侵入免疫系统的病原。
Based on the previous researches , the present study investigated the response of son neurons and glias ( astrocytes and microglias ) to hyperosmotic stimulation and their relationship to find out the roles of glias in regulating hyperosmotic stimulation 因此在以往研究的基础上，本课题通过观察视上核神经元和胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)对高渗刺激的反应及其相互关系，探讨视上核胶质细胞在高渗刺激后调节过程中的作用。
