Comparison and study of the biotic characters in the jinggu and longchuan basins in yunnan province show that : ( 1 ) the two basins underwent the developing period , expanding period and shrinking period from early miocene epoch to pliocene epoch ; ( 2 ) the climate in the region was dry in early miocene epoch , warm and humid in middle - late miocene epoch and dry in pliocene period ; ( 3 ) the basins expanding in middle - late miocene epoch formed a semi - deep - lake to deep - lake environment 通过对云南景谷盆地及陇川盆地新生代生物群特征的对比，探讨了新生代两大盆地环境演变：早中新世到上新世为湖盆发展期湖盆扩大萎缩期，气候为早期的千燥中新世早期的温暖湿润中新世中晚期的寒冷阴湿上新世的干燥，而中新世中晚期湖盆的扩大形成的半深湖深湖环境为油气的形成提供了有利条件。
Abstract : comparison and study of the biotic characters in the jinggu and longchuan basins in yunnan province show that : ( 1 ) the two basins underwent the developing period , expanding period and shrinking period from early miocene epoch to pliocene epoch ; ( 2 ) the climate in the region was dry in early miocene epoch , warm and humid in middle - late miocene epoch and dry in pliocene period ; ( 3 ) the basins expanding in middle - late miocene epoch formed a semi - deep - lake to deep - lake environment 文摘:通过对云南景谷盆地及陇川盆地新生代生物群特征的对比，探讨了新生代两大盆地环境演变：早中新世到上新世为湖盆发展期湖盆扩大萎缩期，气候为早期的千燥中新世早期的温暖湿润中新世中晚期的寒冷阴湿上新世的干燥，而中新世中晚期湖盆的扩大形成的半深湖深湖环境为油气的形成提供了有利条件。
Tian shan extends east - west in central asia , the tian shan range was formed in later paleozoic , and a few intramontan basins appeared in mesozoic . it uplifetd again in early miocene because of the north - south compression induced by the india - asia collision , so many active structures can be found in tian shan . active tectonics took actions during last ten thousands yeas , and surface traces of fault scarps , detached gullies and folds in alluvial deposit are apparent , so it is easy to distinguish them from other geological phenomema 天山位于亚洲中部，天山造山带形成于晚古生代，到中生代时，在天山内部形成了一些山间盆地，印度板块在始新世向北与欧亚板块碰撞，天山受南北向挤压力的作用再度于早中新世隆起，由于板块碰撞的持续进行，在天山山间及山前发育了许多的活动构造。
The volcanic rock age and the age of the qiangtang formation determined the wudaoliang group between 20 - 5ma , discovering a flood of spore and pollen with ostracods fossils ( regard eucypris as principle ) , which are miocene epoches typical numerator , therefore wudaoliang group accumulate in miocene epoch is doubtless ; 9 - 2ma are the age of the suonahu formation based on the data of the esr , which were characteristic of later period in miocene epoch - pliocene epoch , spore and pollen with fossil all were miocene epoch period 由火山岩和覆于其上的羌塘组的年龄限定五道梁群的沉积时间为20 - 5ma ，五道梁群中发现大量的孢粉和介形虫化石(以eucypris为主) ，分析认为它们都是中新世时期的典型分子，因此五道梁群的沉积时间为中新世是无疑的；唢呐湖组的esr测年数据范围为9 - 2ma ，代表中新世晚期?上新世时期，孢粉和化石都具有中新世时期的特征。
The neogene is a key stage of terrestrial environmental evolution in yunnan . three stratigraphic sections including luhe ( late miocene ) , yangyi and longling ( late pliocene ) were selected to reconstruct vertical landscape of paleovegetation in these areas , based on palynological data . according to principle of the coexistence approach , seven quantitative paleoclimatic parameters of each deposit area were obtained by using meteorological data ( 1951 - 1980 ) of the distribution area of extant taxa found each palynoflora in china 晚第三纪是云南地区环境演变过程中的关键地质历史时段，本论文以晚第三纪晚中新世(吕合) 、晚上新世(羊邑和龙陵)地层中的孢粉为研究对象，结合同层位大化石植物证据，参照现代植被，恢复了云南三个化石出产地区的古植被垂直分布景观，并定性地描述了古气候；同时运用共存分析方法( theco - existenceapproach )定量化地重建了三个地区的古气候参数值；初步推测了沉积地可能的古海拔。
The study results can be summerized as following aspects : ( 1 ) the basic settling curve of this basin was broken - line shape of seven sections in which upper jurassic , lower cretaceous , eocene , oligocene and neogene corresponded with the decline ones representing five episodic clear subsidences of this basin , late cretaceous to paleocene and early miocene corresponded with the rising ones reflecting the uplift and denudation of this basin . ( 2 ) the subsidence of this basin migrated from the east to the west , from mesozoic to cenozoic 研究表明： ( 1 )北黄海盆地的基本沉降曲线型式为7段折线状，其中晚侏罗世、早白垩世、始新世、渐新世、新近纪为曲线下降段，代表盆地5幕较明显的沉降；晚白垩世古新世以及中新世早期为曲线上升段，反映盆地的抬升剥蚀。
Before the early 1990s geologists knew only that powerful movements of the earth ' s crust forged south america ' s andes and towering mountain peaks elsewhere ( including the himalayas and the alps ) primarily between about 23 million and five million years ago , an epoch of the earth ' s history known as the miocene 在1990年代初期以前，地质学家只知道地壳板块的剧烈运动，推挤出南美洲的安地斯山，以及其他地方的高耸山峰（包括喜马拉雅山及阿尔卑斯山） ，时间主要是在2300 ~ 500万年前，这段时期就是地球历史上的中新世。
Based on available data , the study on regional structure , sedimentary reservoir and source rock characteristics shows that the basins in south china sea had experienced sedimentary evolution in faulting period and depression period , deposited thick cenozoic formation , upwardly developed alluvial fan facies , river - lake facies coastal swamp facies coastal facies , neritic facies and bathyal deposit system , regionally had 3 source rocks of eocene , oligocene and miocene , 3 reservoirs of pre - cenozoic basement buried bill , oligocene sandstone and miocene reef , with pliocene and pleistocene neritic facies and bathyal shale as regional caprock 摘要以现有资料为基础，通过对区域构造、沉积储层、烃源岩特征等基础石油地质条件研究，认为南海海域各盆地经历了断陷期和坳陷期沉积演化，沉积了巨厚的新生代地层，自下而上发育了冲积扇相、河湖相、滨岸沼泽相、滨海相、浅海相、半深海相沉积体系，区域上存在始新统、渐新统和中新统3套烃源岩，前新生代基岩潜山、渐新统砂岩、中新统生物礁3套储层，区域盖层为上新统和更新统浅海半深海相泥岩。
