It ' s pretty rare in known neutron stars - basically they need to be hit by something and knocked off - axis , which doesn ' t happen often in space , and they ' re precessing at frequencies too low for ligo 想一想橄榄球：如果扔得好，它将绕它的长轴稳定的自旋；如果扔坏了，它的自旋轴将偏离长轴而摆动起来。
We built a table - top ultrashort laser system which based on ti : sapphire front - end and discharge pumped krf amplifier . with double pass off - axis amplification module , the imj uv pulse was amplified to 50mj 建立了桌面krf超短脉冲激光系统，采用放电泵浦krf准分子激光放大器进行超短脉冲激光的直接放大。
In the second part , we introduce the formative processes , the optical geometries and the mathematical descriptions of several typical holograms particularly : the in - line holograph , the off - axis holograph , the image holograph , the rainbow holograph and the volume holograph 第二部分详细介绍了几种典型全息图：同轴全息图、离轴全息图、像全息图、彩虹全息图和体积全息图的形成过程、光路设计及数学描述。
Finally , the schwarzschild objective of euvl is assembled and aligned on the common - axis illuminated structure with the wfe of 0 . 0202x ( a , = 632 . 8nm ) rms . using an off - axis circular subaperture of the full annular pupil , the wfe of the schwarzschild objective is 0 . 0144a , ( x = 632 . 8nm ) rms 最终对euvl系统中的schwarzschild微缩投影光学系统进行装调，验证了系统装调的收敛性，装调后系统的最终波像差为0 . 0144 rms ( = 632 . 8nm ) 。
Currently in initial production , the off - axis viewing device （ oavd ） is a small viewing unit that mates with a weapon s existing receive - mounted optical sight and provides an image of the target transmitted through the scope and reflected 50 to the line - of - sight back to the firer 目前，初期生产的离轴式观察装置（ oavd ）是一种与装在支座上的光学瞄准具相配的小型观察器，它能将透过物镜的目标图像折射50到视线方向，再提供给射手。
This method has some characters : during recording of the transmissive holograms the holographic grating placed in front of the holographic plate closefittingly is used as a spectroscope . the transmissive wave is served as the object wave and the diffraction wave through the holographic grating or the deflective reflect wave produced by the silicon slice is served as the reference wave , therefore the hologram is named as self - reference image hologram . the recording results are the off - axis holograms and the twin images can be separated successfully 在记录透射型全息图时，将全息光栅紧贴置于记录干板之前，而光栅起到了分光的作用，直透波作为全息图的物光波，参考光是物光通过光栅后产生的衍射波；记录反射型全息图时将硅片置于记录干板之后，利用反射硅片产生离轴参考光，因此系统仅需一束照明光束，参考光来自物光本身，因此称之为自参考像全息图。
In order to improve the ability of aspheric optics manufacturing , a new cnc machine named asm is developed by ciomp , and its numeric control system is presents in this dissertation . the new machine has ability to fabricate off - axis " mirrors up to lm dimension , and the accuracy can reach up to 1 / 50xrms ( a . = 632 . 8nm ) 此外，文中还对新研制的六轴联动“ asm数控非球面加工中心”的控制系统进行了介绍，并专门介绍了加工中心在线轮廓测量单元中测量误差的补偿模型，以及与加工中心配套的控制软件asm1 . 0的编制情况。
In digital holography , the off - axis setup ca n ' t make effective use of the pixels of a ccd camera because of the necessity for carrier fringe . and the size of the reconstructed image is also limited by the presence of zero - order and conjugate image in off - axis digital holography 数字全息中，由于记录介质ccd的有限分辨率，同轴数字全息较离轴数字全息有更多的优点，它可以有效利用ccd的像元个数，扩大再现像的视场，提高再现像的分辨率，更适合记录小尺度三维物体。
The optical manufacturing for off - axis aspheric mirrors has become increasingly challenging for two reasons . the mirrors , in addition to being larger , are more aspheric and off - axis in order to meet the requirement of next generation space camera , which is commonly configured as three - mirror - anastigmat ( tma ) to get both wide fov and high resolution , and the required accuracy is more stringent 近年来，人们提出了“离轴三反消像散” ( tma )结构来满足下一代空间相机“详查”和“宽覆盖”的技术要求，该结构中要求使用三块离轴非球面反射镜，而大口径、高精度离轴非球面反射镜的制造技术是研制tma结构空间相机的主要技术瓶颈之一。
Chapter 4 : applying the definitions of the generalized second and fourth order moments , the beam propagation m2 - factor and the kurtosis parameter of coherent and incoherent combinations of two - dimensional off - axis elegant hermite - gaussian ( ehg ) beams are derived analytically and numerically . and the power in bucket ( pib ) is also presented numerically . our results illustrate the propagation properties of the beam through a first - order optical abcd system 第四章：讨论了相干和非相干离轴完美厄密高斯( eleganthermitegaussian ( ehg ) )光束组的传输特性，通过解析推导和数值模拟，研究了相干和非相干的离轴ehg光束组的传输，得出并比较了相干和非相干的离轴ehg光束组的光束质量因子、陡峭度和筒内的功率( powerinbucket ) 。
