Meanwhile , this part has concretely described the main forms of market dominant position . these forms are composed monopoly and quasi - monopoly , absolutely superior position , oligopoly monopoly and other forms according to legal reference 参考各国反垄断法的立法状况,其将市场支配地位的形态划分为独占、准独占、绝对优势和寡占四种形态。
In markets for fertilizer and for wheat , the supply and demand model does have some application ; at the same time , however , price is influenced in these examples by the oligopoly structure of the market , and by government policy , respectively 在肥料和小麦市场中，用供求模型确实可以作一些分析，但与此同时，价格又分别受到寡头独占的市场结构和政府政策的影响。
With oligopoly petroleum industry could reach scale economy , guarantee the governmental effective regulation and promote the ability of technology innovation . there are four patterns of oligopoly market structure for option , and the multipl 对石油产业来说，寡头垄断既可以有效实现规模经济效益，又可保证政府对其有效调控，还可促进石油企业技术创新能力的提高。
Perhaps this is because of the considerable time lag with which supply catches up with demand , and the structure of the market itself , in which there is a virtual oligopoly in the supply of property and the supply of land is controlled by the government 究其原因，可能是本港楼宇供应往往落后于需求一段相当的时间，同时在市场结构方面，楼宇供应存在寡头垄断，土地供应则由政府控制。
5 . by price competition , non - price competition ( such as advertising and merger ) and standardizing disorderly competition , a new industry organization will be created which is characterized by dominated by oligopoly , large , medium and small - sized enterprises co - exist 通过价格竞争和广告、并购等非价格竞争以及规范行业的无序竞争有利于寡头为主导、大中小共生的产业组织的形成。
This paper examines the relationship between financial decisions and pricing strategy in oligopoly . assuming a duopoly market structure , when firms raise prices they initially realize higher profits , but lower market shares , which in turn implies lower profits in the future 论文提出一个两阶段双寡头垄断竞争模型：第一阶段，公司在价格的基础上争夺市场份额；第二阶段，公司利润由第一阶段形成的市场份额决定，并受到第一阶段结束时公司财务状况的影响。
The fast - changing competitive landscape and responses from competitors become major uncertain issues when companies are trying to make investment decisions . accordingly , modeling those key factors into capital budgeting process is very necessary . in monopoly or oligopoly industries , the relationship among major competitors can be well understood by means of game theory 这时在资本预算中引入对关键因素的判断十分重要；在垄断性行业中，竞争者间更多的体现为博弈关系，项目投资面临的信息环境不仅受竞争者决策的影响，还受到公司本身的影响，这时，为了解决这种信息不确定性，引入博弈模型是一种很好的选择。
Now after several reforms on chinese telecom industry , the oligopoly has come into being in the main business of telecom such as mobile sector , local telephone sector and long - distance telephone sector . however , from the analysis of game theory it is obvious that the individual reasoning cause vicious competition in the market due to the absence of cooperation agreements or an outside binding force . so the current situation also requires the reorganization of government regulation in china 当前中国电信业经过多次改革，正在进行从国家垄断向管制竞争的过渡，虽然我国的电信市场运营商数目大大增加，但是市场仍处于寡头垄断或寡头恶性竞争的局面，寡头有效竞争格局没有形成，亟需政府对产业走向进行引导，进一步改善中国电信市场的结构，消除市场失灵，培养企业竞争力，改变单纯依靠降价为手段的竞争方式。
Wall street ' s sensitivity to charges that it operates as an underwriting oligopoly dates back at least to the glass - steagall act of 1933 when commercial banks were forced to sell or close their underwriting business , in effect reinforcing the franchises of “ bulge - bracket ” securities firms 华尔街对于指控非常敏感，它作为保险业的寡头而运转至少可追溯到1933年的格拉斯-斯蒂格尔法案[ 2 ] ，其时商业银行被迫出售或者撤销保险业务，实际上加强了华尔街投资银行领导集团担保的公司的特权。
First , it can be seen through market environmental analysis that with the fast growth of chongqing economy , the increase of mid class , the new developing opportunities for chongqing ping an life insurance company with the entry of wto and the lower competitive intensity of chongqing life insurance market of under oligopoly , the coming 3 - 5years will become a chance window of development of chongqing ping an life insurance company 首先，通过对营销环境的研究可以看出，重庆经济的高速成长、中产阶层的不断扩大、加入wto将带给较早市场化、国际化的重庆平安的新的发展机遇和目前仍处于竞争强度不高的寡头垄断阶段的重庆寿险市场等等，都预示着未来3 ? 5年将是重庆平安人寿发展的“机会窗” 。
