Figure 4. 1 provides an overview of sectoral trade taxes and subsidies in various developing countries . 图41提供了不同发展中国家的部门贸易税和补贴的概况。
The federal government should nurture infant industries through overt subsidies and protective tariffs . 联邦政府应该通过公开补贴和保护关税来扶植新生的工业。
Subsidies on rice exports by industrial countries also discourage higher production in low-cost countries . 各工业国对大米出口的补贴也抑制了低成本国家提高生产。
Acreage controls and input subsidies work at cross purposes, each increases the cost of the other . 耕种面积控制和投入补贴的作用背道而驰，每一方的作用都增加了对方的代价。
Since this interest rate was higher than the bank could charge on loans, a government subsidy was necessary . 由于这一利率高于银行所能收取的贷款利率，就必然需要政府补贴。
Subsidies from the individual countries amounted to almost 8 percent of the gross value of milk at domestic prices . 按本国价格计算，每个国家的补贴已占牛奶生产总值的近8。
Subsidies can also be cost-effective when they are concentrated on food that is eaten mainly by the poor . 如果把补贴集中于主要是穷人消费的粮食品种上，补贴的成本效益也是好的。
Finally, the civil aeronautics board (cab) has jurisdiction over civil aviation, including routes, rates, and subsidies . 最后，民用航空局（CAB）对民航（包括航线，运费和津贴）有管辖权。
The benefits of subsidies are typically confined to large farms and to regions with favourable climates and good infrastructure . 补贴带来的好处一般限于大型农场和气候优越、基础设施良好的地区。
Export subsidies are generally not used explicitly but occur implicitly through changes in the profit margins of marketing boards . 出口补贴一般不采用直接方式，而是通过变动经销机构的利润含蓄地进行的。
