The morphological diagnostic characters for many mature and early instar larvae are still lacking in china . partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase i and ii and a transfor rna ( co i co ii and trna ) gene of the adults and larvae from caddisflies were . lepidostomaflavum , l . fui , l . arcuatum , paraphlegopteryx morsei , apsilochorema unculatum and apsilochorema hwangi , and the larval and adult stages of these species were sequenced and associated 采用dnastarpackage中的editseq软件进行序列编辑、 orf查找；采用clustalx软件进行序列比对( alignment ) ；比对结果输入mega2 . 1软件计算各样品间的遗传距离，并基于kjmura2 - parameter模型，用邻接法( neighbor - jojning ， nj )构建系统发生树，通过自展( bootstrap1000次)检验获得系统树分支的置信度。
The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of f . limnocharis was detailedly compared with those of 5 other amphibians . the nucleotide sequences of 22 trna encoded by 6 amphibians mitochondrial genomes were combined and aligned to the homologous sequences of the 11 veterbrate taxa . using teleosts as outgroup , the phylogenetic analyses results show that mp , nj and ml trees all strongly support the monophyly of living amphibians with respect to other living tetrapods and favor a sister group relationship for caecilians and salamanders 我们在测定了泽蛙线粒体全基因组序列的基础上，与已知其它的5种两栖类进行详细的比较分析，同时选择了11种高等脊椎动物的线粒体全基因序列，以硬骨鱼类做外群，用22个trna基因合并数据进行系统发生重建分析，结果表明mp 、 nj和ml树都强力地支持现生两栖类动物为单系群并且蝾螈类和蚓螈类为姐妹群关系(自引导值分别为92 、 99 、 100 ) 。
Pit13 , an interactor binding to trpt1 protein , was screened by yeast two - hybrid , and confirmed by pull down and co - ip assays . the association of trpt1 with pit 13 demonstrated that trpt1 should probably participate in other activities besides in pre - trna splicing . more experiments will be required to determine the role of pit 13 protein 0酵母以杂交筛选、加卫工加wn检测及ip实验均证明m卜1 ”且与功能未知的pit13蛋； ”之间存在着相互作用，说明imj基因除了参与trna剪接之外，还可能具有其它方面的功能，有待进一步研究。
In our laboratory , a unique mutation detection system using a shuttle vector plasmid has been established to demonstrate that a low concentration of mnng ( 0 . 2 m ) can induce nontargeted mutation in mammalian cells : the mammalian cells were exposed to 0 . 2m mnng for 2 . 5h , then a shuttle plasmid pz189 carrying supf trna gene was transfected into cells after 24h culture . we found a 5 - fold higher mutation frequency of the plasmid replicated in pretreated cells than the spontaneous mutation frequency of the plasmid replicated in control cells . this kind of mutation did not occur immediately after mnng exposure 我们实验室曾用一特殊的突变检测系统，直接证明dna损伤剂可在哺乳动物细胞诱发非定标性突变：首先用低浓度( 0 . 2 m )的短寿烷化剂mnng (半寿期为1 . 1hr )处理细胞2 . 5h后，继续培养24h ，将重组有用作突变检测的靶基因supftrna基因的穿梭质粒pz189转入细胞复制，发现在未受致癌物直接攻击的穿梭质粒中有较自发突变率高5倍以上的靶基因突变。
Hisityl - trna synthetase catalyzes the aminoacylation of trnahis in the initial step of protein biosynthesis . the involumen of histidyl - trna synthetase in autoimmune diseases is another feature of the enzyme . in studies , it is reported that purified jo - 1 antigen can increase the detection rate of anti - jo - 1 antibody . but it is difficult to obtain a single component by biochemical extraction . genetic engineering can help us to desolve this problem . after looking up mrna sequence encoding histidyl - trna synthetase in genebank , we used rt - pcr technology to gain its full length dna sequence . the vestor ptybllwas used in the construction of expressing vestor . we transformed the jo - 1 gene into er2566 and used this system to express fusion jo - 1 antigen 本实验从人胎盘中提取总rna ，利用rt - pcr技术获得了编码jo - 1的基因整长序列，选用impact - cn系统中的ptyb11载体，构建了jo - 1基因的克隆与表达载体，并转化大肠杆菌er2566 ，经过抗性筛选、分子量大小比较、双酶切鉴定、和pcr鉴定等多种方法验证，筛选出了5个阳性克隆。
Rna polymerase synthesizes the three largest rrnas , 5 . 8s , 18s and 28s rrna . rna polymerase mainly produces mrna encoding proteins , and rna polymerase makes 5s rrna and trnas , as well as a few small nuclear rnas . the transcription sites of the polymerases have been studied since early 1980s 在细胞中它们的功能各不相同： rna聚合酶负责催化合成5 . 8s 、 18s和28srrna ， rna聚合酶主要负责mrna的转录合成，而rna聚合酶则负责催化5srrna 、 trna 、多数的snrna以及某些病毒基因(如va基因)等的转录。
A four - gene block , a rwo - trna gene cluster and six single trna genes involved in the rearrangement , the second gene rearrangement type of mitochondrial dna reported for any pancrustacea arthropod . comparisons of mitochondrial gene arrangements of decapod suggested that rearrangement of the four gene - block found in eriocheir is informative for high level phylogenetic study of decapod 发生重排的基因包括一个4基因块的重排、 1个2基因的trna基因簇的重排和6个单一trna基因的重排，形成泛甲壳类线粒体dna的另一种基因重排类型。
A page gel , stained by the petiodic acid - schiff ' s method to reveal glycoproteins , further displayed that the bindng - protein was a glycoprotein belonging to lectin , which contained 17 . 4 % ( w / w ) neutral carbohydrate content of the glycoprotein detected by the phenol / h2so4 method . peptide mapping was comparable to the reported protein in protein bank . the database homology search ( ncbi blast ) indicated that the binding - protein shared 70 - 80 % homogeneity to l - aspartate oxidase , aspartyl / glutamyl - trna ( asn / gln ) amidotransferase subunit b , glutamyl - trna reductase , histidyl - trna synthetase 连续梯度聚丙烯耽胺凝胶电泳、 sds一聚丙烯酞胺凝胶电泳和等电聚焦的结果表明该蛋白分子量为1 “ . skda ，由二个相同的亚基组成，亚基分子量为” . ikda ，等电点为8 . 25 .糖蛋白染色结合考马斯亮蓝染色的结果证实此结合蛋白是个糖蛋白，其中糖含量为17 . 44 % ，蛋白含量为82 . 56 % .凝集反应确定该糖蛋白也是一个凝集素
