The various countries " jurist has conducted the massive fruitful research to the causal relation question , and established many beneficial theories , but up to now still neither the project can resolve that problem carefully 各种学说理论从宏观方面讲,可以分为“一元论”与“二元论” , “二元论”在总体上说是有力的见解,也为多数司法实践所遵循。
On one hand , he persisted in monism in historical materialism from start to end , that is , he insisted that material production and economic base were dominant in the development of society 我们可以把恩格斯晚年对唯物史观的突出贡献归纳两个方面:一方面,他始终坚持唯物史观的一元论基本原则。即,始终坚持物质生产、经济基础在社会发展中的决定作用。
Pluralism is one of the essential characteristics of post - modern philosophy , whose occurance is a reaction of monism of west culture in west traditional metaphysics when getting involved in difficulty in post - modernism because of its many defects 摘要多元论是后现代哲学最本质特征之一，它的出现是西方文化思想界、西方传统形而上学一元论在现代主义运动中逐渐弊端弥生、陷入困窘之后的一个反动。
American dominance of consume culture shows not only the big gap of east and west cultural strength , but also that the multi - culture structure of world culture is being disintegrated . a simple and superficial single - culture model is formed generally 这种对消费文化的一揽独控，一方面显示出东、西方文化势力相差悬殊；另一方面更深刻地说明世界文化的多元化格局正在被解构，单调、乏味的文化一元论模式已初具规模。
From the viewpoint of old three people ' s principles , construction journal neglected the social relation between human when using pure economy view to define historical materialism theory . so it misunderstood marxism and opened the gate for propagating class compromise and class cooperation 用单纯的经济一元论来理解唯物史观，抽空了生产方式中人与人社会关系的内容，把社会矛盾归结为人与物的矛盾，为它宣扬阶级调和、阶级互助大开了方便之门。
The paper points out that marx ' s distinction between productive labor and non - productive labor should be furthered ; the argument that value determines the monism needs more convincing evidences ; the duplication of two kinds of labor should be verified ; marx ' s view of international value should be further elaborated under wto framework 文章认为：马克思区分生产劳动和非生产劳动的论述需要更详尽的体系；马克思关于价值决定一元论的论断需要更加信服的论证和论据；马克思关于两种劳动倍加的思路需要进一步求得实证的支持；马克思关于国际价值决定的思想在wto框架下需要进一步阐述等。
Secondly , the author gives the detailed meaning of act concept in the diverse layers : natural act , criminal act and the act in criminal law , in which the author mainly discusses the trait of " the act in criminal law " and gives a new annotation in the criterion layer . meanwhile , the author simply explains the characteristic of " holding " . lastly , in order to discuss the opinion of the author more deeply , i explain " the act charateristic of omission crime " for supplement and recognize it in the dualistic thinking way for the purpose of consummating my action theory 本文是篇纯理论性的文章，重点在于探究如何在二元思维方式下界定“行为”概念，文章的特点是提出了研究的前提?方法论的选择问题，笔者的写作目的就在于通过研究和总结传统行为理论的优劣，对一元论思维方式提出质疑，并进而对“行为”理论的研究思维作深入思考，提出了转换思维方式，重识“行为”概念的观点，对“刑法上的行为”以及“持有” 、 “不作为”的行为性质有了较传统理论不同的见解。
On the one hand , his knowledge background of natural sciences has entrusted to his philosophy the deep foundation of experience and fairly strong convincingment , so his ideology is regarded as transcending the category of traditional philosophy ; on the other hand , his ideology is the direct ideological origin of the vienna circle , and the birth and development of logical empiricism both have close relation with mach ' s ideology on element and the elemental monism 一方面，他的自然科学背景使他的哲学主张有了深厚的经验基础和较强的说服力，因而他的思想被看作超越了传统哲学的范畴；另一方面，他的思想是维也纳学派的直接思想来源，逻辑经验主义的产生和发展都与马赫的要素和要素一元论思想有着密切的关系。
The common characteristic of the traditional theories about the act researches is researching the concept of act in criminal law with the restrained thinking way of monism , i . e . onefold factual , onefold valued , or fact - value integrative methodology , which result in that it can not explain some especial act forms in the criminal laws , that it only explain those narrowly but can not withstand careful analysis , or that it only extends to explain all kinds of act forms , which does not accord with the daily thinking manners . this paper recognizes and redefines the concept of act in the research of the criminal law based on the suspicion and consideration of research methodology , in a fact - value segregative dualistic thinking way , in relation to analyse and comprehension of characteristic of some special act forms , such as " holding " , " omission " 传统的行为理论的研究都有这样一个共同的特点，即局限于一元论的思维方式，以单纯事实的，单纯价值的，抑或事实? ?价值一体化的方法论，来研究刑法理论中的“行为”概念，结果导致要么是无法解释刑法上特殊的行为形式，要么只是表面上牵强附会却经不起深入推敲，要么仅追求能有张力地解释各种行为方式却脱离了人们认识的思维习惯。本文正是基于对研究方法的质疑和反思，采用事实? ?价值分离的二元论思维方式，结合分析理解“持有” 、 “不作为”等刑法中特殊行为形式的特征，重新认识和界定了刑法理论研究中的“行为”概念。
