( contract law of pro ) make up the aforesaid legal vacuum . notwithstanding many provisions provided for by contract law may apply to charter party in the absence of the corresponding provisions in maritime law , the aforesaid provisions are just general provisions . charter party , as an special type of contract , has many particular characters differ from the common business contract and formed many unique usages after hundreds years of practice 虽然新合同法的实施使许多海商法中没有规定的有关租船合同的事项可以直接从新合同法中找到调整依据，但这些规定往往都是一些原则性的规定，而租船合同作为较偏门的合同种类，其存在着许多与普通民商事合同不同的独特特征并且租船运输在海上运输中有着上百年的历史，行成了许多独特的习惯做法。
Although irrigation could enhance output greatly , not all farmers could sink wells because of the economy and infield scales . in the first half of the 20th century , in north china , villages had a lot of custom using and maintaining wells , such as sharing the irrigating wells or borrowing . wells for drinking could use freely , which meant anyone could get water for drink from any well and the own 灌溉虽可大幅度地提高作物产量，但灌溉井的开凿与农户经济状况及农户所经营的耕地规模有关，并不是所有农户都可以开凿灌溉用井，在二十世纪上半叶华北村落中存在着众多的关于水井的使用和维护的习惯做法，如对灌溉井的共用或借用
In order to obtain experience and learn lessons from the colliding accidents between vessels , to understand the physical process approaching mutually in the colliding accidents , to grasp the technical analysis in the process of collisions between vessels , to comprehend the quantitative division at the stages under process of the avoiding collision , the thesis devotes to the whole process of colliding accidents between two vessels under three patterns in crossing situation 为了能从船舶碰撞事故中总结经验、汲取教训，了解船舶碰撞中两船相互接近的物理过程，了解两船碰撞过程中的技术分析，把握两船避碰过程中各个阶段的定量划分，本文在总结国内外先进避碰方法和对实践认识的基础上，参考国际上的习惯做法，对交叉相遇局面三种格局的两船碰撞事故全过程分别作了详细的论述。
As china s economy opens , chinese consumers are making more demands not only for international brands on the shelves but also for international standards in their quality of life . not only american business , agriculture , workers and consumers would suffer if congress were to disapprove normal trade relations this year 中国企业和中国工人显然更喜欢同美国公司打交道，这种倾向体现在在商业活动中采用美国的习惯做法。随着中国经济的开放，中国消费者不仅要求货架上有更多的国际品牌的商品，而且要求他们的生活质量更符合国际标准。
Therefore , currently , the most urgent problems need to be resolved by us is that how to apply and employ under charter party the new provisions provided for by ( contract lawof pro ) such as , offer - acceptance , subrogation , performance defense etc as well as how to construe the legal nature of such shipping usage under contract law so as to accords with the needs of particularity of charter party . i hereinafter attempt to discuss some problems among aforesaid issues and hope to make a useful attempt on improvement of application of contract law under charter party 因此，如何在租船合同中具体的运用、解释《合同法》中引入的许多关于合同的新规定如：要约承诺制度、抗辩权制度、代位权制度等等，以及如何解释这些航运习惯做法的法律性质，同时又符合租船合同特殊性的要求就是急需我们解决的问题，本文就是试图对上述问题中的一些进行探讨，以希望能对完善合同法在租船合同中的适用问题做一些有益的尝试。
