The most important thing is how to calculate light path automatically in computer aided optical chart system 摘要利用计算机来辅助光学作图具有现实意义，其核心在于如何实现光路自动计算。
If you use bound atlases , which may not be reproduced on a copy machine , you may need to make drawn copies or photograph them 如果使用的是不能在影印机上复印的装订地图集，应临摹作图或拍照。
If you use bound atlases , which may not be reproduced on a copy machine , you may need to make drawn copies or photograph them 如果使用的是不能在拷贝机上复印的装订地图集，应临摹作图或拍照。
However , most of current methods for qtl mapping cannot simultaneously analyze epistases and their interaction with environments 然而，现行qtl作图方法大多不能同时分析上位性及其与环境的互作效应。
Abstract : this paper analyzes some methods of drawing the geodesic lines for the ship ' s shell plates , and points out a common mistake in them 文摘:分析船体曲板测地线作图方法，指出一种作图方法的错误。
Computer produced drawing makes the result scientific and reliable , and can avoid the inaccuracy produced by a manual operation 通过计算机程序设计进行拟合作图，避免了手工作图产生的误差，所得的结果科学、可靠。
Using mapmaker version 3 . 0 , the 39 markers formed 9 main linkage groups and 13 markers were not assigneded to any linkage group 采用作图软件3 . 0分析， 52个标记中有39个标记构成9个连锁群，其余13个标记未进入连锁群。
Among the 55 microsatellite markers screened , 13 and 11 microsatellite loci were heterozygous in the female and the male parent , respectively 15个在家系中有作图信息的微卫星位点，分别有13个和11个可用于母本和父本的作图。
Abstract : this article expounds the drawing principle of the methods of auxiliary ball surface and taper surface , and exemplifies the application of the two methods 文摘:论述了辅助球面法和锥面法的作图原理，通过例题讨论了这两种方法的应用。
With sequence as drawing unit , the distribution and evolution of sedimentary facies are described and explicated in six sequences about carboniferous in the region 以层序为作图单位，勾划并阐明本区石炭系六个层序的沉积相展布以及沉积演化规律。
