This part dissertates the concrete forms and constitution parts of infraction upon rights of obligee , pointing out that two forms are direct and indirect infraction and five constitution parts are : rights of obligee are legal ; infraction conductor has subject bad faith ; infraction conductor actualizes the delict ; rights of obligee are damaged ; the damage is the consequence of the infraction action 在这部分中，重点论述了侵害债权的具体形态及构成要件，指出可分为直接侵害和间接侵害两种侵害债权的形态。分析了其构成要件： 1 ，债权为合法债权； 2 ，侵权行为人对于其行为主观上具有恶意； 3 ，侵权人实施了不法行为； 4 ，债权人受到损害。 5 ，侵害债权的行为与损害后果有因果关系。
The joint liability of joint torts means victims have rights to claim compensations for all loss from anyone or several ones of joint tortfeasors , and anyone of joint tortfeasors all have the liabilities of taking on all compensative responsibilities for victims . if anyone or several ones of joint tortfeasors have compensated all loss of victims , the compensative responsibilities of other tortfeasors should be excused 共同侵权行为的连带责任是指受害人有权向共同侵权行为人中的任何一人或数人请求赔偿全部损失，而任何一个共同侵权行为人都有义务向受害人负全部的赔偿责任;共同侵权行为人中的一人或数人已全部赔偿了受害人的损失，则免除其他共同侵权行为人向受害人应负的赔偿责任。
On the basis of two principal functions of the law of tort which are compensation and damage prevention , this thesis aims at discussing what the joint tort is and the civil liability of tortfeasors , and also suggesting to legislate by the way of type to integrate and systematize the law of tort . the paper falls into three parts , as shown in the following : part one : the cognizance of the joint tort base on current laws in china , this part dissertates the cognizance of the joint tort by the way of type after making the quality of it clear 笔者认为,对于共同侵权行为,不论是在理论研究中还是在立法中, “类型化”的研究方法都要优越于现有的研究方法;对于共同侵权行为人之间的责任分担,则需要根据不同的侵权情况而寻找不同的分担方法;且共同侵权行为制度需要依赖于司法制度的精确分析,因此采用合理的方法,有效的运用司法这一工具,可以更好的实现我们追求正义的目的。
From published articles about news tort , participants in news circle pay more attention to supervision and priority of liberty value of news but others to importance of protecting legal rights of citizens and legal person . on the whole , the research in tort act law is in beginning and there are so many problems in the stage of imploration and discussion . therefore , that brings about certain difficulty to authorities so as to use different value standard in different courts , which is disadvantageous to seriousness of law and to active function of news medium just as for question about compensation for spiritual harm 在分析理论界不同观点和意见分歧的基础上,阐述了作者自己的观点,认为新闻侵权民事责任适用过错责任归责原则,其构成要件仍符合传统侵权行为法意义上的四要件说,但在表现形式上有其特殊之处,体现在:第一,行为人通过大众传媒实施了有损特定公民和法人人格权的行为;第二,新闻侵权行为造成了一定的损害事实;第三,行为与损害结果之间有因果关系;第四,新闻侵权行为人有过错。
