Compared to the conventional approaches , the above techniques can identify all the phosphorylated proteins ( including their phosphorylated amino acid sites ) involved in a multi - signal pathway in a single experiment , and they have been developed into a hot spot of proteomics 与传统的研究手段相比，上述技术能够在一次实验中对多信号通路中所有磷酸化的蛋白质分子及其磷酸化位点进行鉴定，已成为蛋白质组学最新发展中令人关注的一个热点。
Protein kinase and phosphatase which play an important role in signal transduction in plant defense system , be used as " on - and - off " switch in cotton signal transduction path against verticillium wilt and which probably pathway they participate in anti mechanism was discussed 重点讨论了在棉花抗黄萎病信号通路中重要分子磷酸激酶和磷酸酯酶在植株抗性防卫中起着级联调控开关的作用，在现有信号调控研究基础上其在抗病机制中可能的参与途径。
The real - time automatic gain control makes full use of the delay feature of signal channel , and controls the synchronization of adc precisely , and adjusts the signal gain in real - time , and compensates the error in digital domain , at last , this kind of technology expands the dynamic range of system adc 采用的实时自动增益控制电路利用信号通路的延迟特性，精确控制模数转换器同步，实时调整信号增益，在数字域补偿误差，扩展系统动态范围。
On the other hand , axudl mrna expression induced by tgf - 1 was not inhibited by inhibitor of mek1 / 2 or p38 mapk . these results suggested that tgf - 1 stimulated axudl expression required smads and was not dependent on activity of mapk signal passway 另一方面， tgf一pl诱导的axudl基因mrna的表达并不受mapk信号通路的meki / 2和p38两个激酶抑制剂的抑制，这一结果提示tgf一pl诱导的: xudl基因的表达需要smad3而非依赖于mapk信号通路的激活。
Mems switches based on metal - metal contact are useful in a variety of power management information processing and communication systems because their on resistance is lower than that of semiconductor switches and their off resistance and transmission frequency are higher than that of semiconductor switches 在自动测试、控制系统、通信系统的信号通路等领域有着广泛应用潜力，同时， mems开关是微机械技术中的一类有代表性的结构，是很多微机械器件的基础。
Multiplicity of signals and diversity of signaling pathways exist during the establishment of mycorrhizal associations together with the regulation of symbiosis - specific genes expression . this mechanism of signal recognition and transduction related with development process of the symbiont was reviewed at the molecular level 在菌根共生体建立过程中存在信号分子的多重性和信号通路的多样性以及共牛体特异基因的表达调控,从分子水平上揭示了菌根整个发育过程。
Jak2 is one of the janus kinase family . it participates in the jak - stat signal transduction and plays roles in signal transduction of many cytokins and growth factors such as growth hormone , il and gm - csf . it plays essential roles in cellular functions , i . e . cell proliferation and differentiation Jak2是janus激酶家族中的一员，参与jak - stat信号通路，介导诸如生长激素、白细胞介素、 gm - csf等细胞因子和生长因子的信号传导，在细胞的增殖、分化等活动中起重要作用。
Part ii effects of gnt - v on the phosphorylation and activity of egfr signaling molecules in h7721 cells modification of the n - glycan structure and function of egfr by the transfection of different gnt - v cdnas may lead to the alterations of the phosphorylation and activity in the downstream molecules of signal transduction Gntv一s / h7721细胞p42 / 44mapk的磷酸化也较mock细胞增强，而gntv一as舰7721细胞则减弱，表明egfr的这两条信号通路中信号分子的磷酸化或活力都受gnt一v的影响。
13 chatterjee - kishore m , wright k l , ting j p , stark g r . how stat1 mediates constitutive gene expression : a complex of unphosphorylated stat1 and irf1 supports transcription of the lmp2 gene . embo j . , 2000 , 19 : 4111 - 4122 . 14 mahboubi k , pober j s . activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 stat1 is not sufficient for the induction of stat1 - dependent genes in endothelial cells 例如， jak - stat中， socs1 ppn以及stat1蛋白对于系统输出的影响相对其他蛋白来说要明显的多，这三个蛋白主要控制着jak - stat信号通路的“信号幅度”和响应强度response magnitude ，最大响应值。
Phopholipase c - 1 ( plc - 1 ) is widely known to play an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation , development of the organisms , cell transformation and oxidative stress . till now , the mechanism how phopholipase c - 1 acts can not be thoroughly illustrated , nor has the interaction between plc - 1 pathway and other signal pathways been systematically reported . this research chose 2 - de + ms as the basic method from all kinds of proteomics strategies and compared the total protein expression map of mef genetically deficient in plc - 1 ( plc - 1 - / - ) to that of wild type mef ( plc - l + / + ) aimed to find some protein spots differentially expressed , thus we can discuss the impact of knockout of plc - 1 on signal transduction initiated by growth factors such as egf comprehensively . in this way , we can study the biological function of plc - 1 and mechanism of plc - 1 pathway indirectly , which will contribute a lot to further analysis 鉴于plc - 1发挥上述作用的机制尚未完全阐明， plc - 1通路与其他信号通路间的交联和代偿尚无系统报道，又因为以往的研究方法不够全面，本研究以野生型小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞( plc - 1 ~ ( + / + ) )和缺失磷脂酶c - 1的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞( plc - 1 ~ ( - / - ) )为研究模型，在众多蛋白组学策略中选择了双向电泳+质谱( 2 - de + ms )作为研究手段，通过对比表皮生长因子( egf )刺激24小时后上述两种细胞的总蛋白质表达差异，全面地探讨敲除plc - 1对生长因子诱导的信号传递的影响，从而间接研究plc - 1生物学作用、信号传递机制及其代偿情况，为后续的深入研究打下基础。
