The departures of an actual image from the prediction of simple theory are called aberrations . 实际的象与简单理论所预期的象的偏差，叫做象差。
Some deviations from standards have rather little meaning, and others have a great deal . 某些偏离标准的偏差可能影响不大，而另一些偏差则可能影响很大。
for a standard laboratory， a variation of ± 0. 5f may be unacceptable. 对于一个标准实验室来说，05的温度偏差也可能是不允许的。
Moreover, diurnal bias resulting from averaging observations made at only a few hours each day is often difficult to detect . 尤其是每天仅仅几次观测的平均所导致的日变化偏差常常是很难发现的。
Repeat the preparation of standards starting with pure solutions until successive calibration curves agree within 10% . 重复配制标准溶液（从纯溶液开始）直至逐次的标准曲线彼此偏差均在10以内。
The persistent occurrence of these large discrepancies has naturally been the subject of a great deal of laboratory and field research . 这些巨大偏差的长期存在自然成为很多实验室和外场研究的课题。
Figure 2.1 illustrates the departures of chemical composition from solar values for five different clouds projected against bright stars . 图21揭示出五个不同的投影在亮星背景上的星际云的化学组成对太阳值的偏差。
Even in those quite rare cases where currency exchanges are unrestricted, conversion of income data between currencies is biased . 甚至在那些货币兑换不受限制的罕见情况下，收入数据在不同货币间进行换算，依然会有偏差。
In early ic fabrication practice, etch bias was usually dealt with by introducing an appropriate amount of compensation in the masking layer . 在早期的集成电路制作实践中，刻蚀偏差通常是通过在掩膜层上引入一个适量的修正来处理的。
Earlier, when we calculated the range, the interquartile deviation, and average absolute deviation, the answers were expressed in the same units as the data itself . 当我们计算极差，四分点离差和平均绝对偏差时，答案的计量单位与数据单位量相同的。
