Muscle contracture is the result of prolonged immobility and improper positioning leading to joint stiffness and decreased range of movement especially in patients with stroke , parkinsons disease or those who are bedridden 当肢体长期固定不动或经常维持在同一姿势过久例如：中风柏金逊症或需要长期卧床的长，筋肌便会很容易出现萎缩，令关节僵硬和活动幅度减少。
But where glucose forms tight bonds with the long - lived protein collagen , the result is a constellation of changes , including thickened arteries , stiff joints , feeble muscles and failing organs - the hallmarks of a frail old age 然而，人体中的萄葡糖一旦与生命期长的胶原蛋白结合就会产生一系列重大变化，诸如动脉变厚，关节僵硬，肌肉乏力，器官衰退等年迈体虚的特微。
In more severe cases , even increased spasticity , contracture , joint stiffness and deformity could result . it will highly hinder the limb mobility , and also increase the patient s chance of having chest infection and pressure sores . on the other hand , physiotherapy could improve patients limb function and self care ability through appropriate rehabilitation exercises and education about proper usage of assistive devices 安排中风患者接受物理治疗的目的，是保持肢体的活动能力及预防并发症，否则，患肢不单会因缺乏活动而变得肌肉无力，严重者更会引致肌肉痉挛增加，甚至会有挛缩及关节僵硬和变形的情况，这样既会大大减低患者的活动能力，还会增加其患上肺炎和肢体产生褥疮的机会。
Otherwise , weakness would develop in the affected limbs . in more severe cases , even increased spasticity , contracture , joint stiffness and deformity could result . it will highly hinder the limb mobility , and also increase the patient s chance of having chest infection and pressure sores 安排中风患者接受物理治疗的目的，是保持肢体的活动能力及预防并发症，否则，患肢不单会因缺乏活动而变得肌肉无力，严重者更会引致肌肉痉挛增加，甚至会有挛缩及关节僵硬和变形的情况，这样既会大大减低患者的活动能力，还会增加其患上肺炎和肢体产生褥疮的机会。
The presence of fluoride ion in drinking water may be beneficial or detrimental to people health depending on its concentration . drinking water with the concentration of fluoride kept within prescribed limits can reduce dental cavities and enhance the bone . however , when water supplies contain excessive fluoride concentration , it can result in dental or fluorosis , more severely it can cause crippling 氟是人体内维持骨骼正常发育必不可少的成分，但是氟的摄取量在有利和有害之间的变化范围极窄，长期饮用高氟水可导致氟斑牙，严重者导致骨骼变形、疼痛，关节僵硬，筋腱钙化，行走困难，以致瘫痪。
