Four attribute were particularly important : factor conditions , demand conditions , the vigor of related and supporting industries , and the industrial structure . two other auxiliary variables were government actions and chance events . as to china ' s foreign trade , during the last 20 years , our country carried out the principle of comparative advantage , that is , exporting labor - intensive product and importing capital - intensive product 从国际经验看，很多发展中国家在实施比较优势原则的过程中都或多或少地步入了“比较利益陷阶” （在劳动密集型产品和资本密集型产品的贸易中，以劳动密集型和自然资源密集型产品出口为主的国家总是处于不利地位） ，我国的劳动密集型产品能不能长期化？
And get a conclusion that labor - compressed products also have large comparative superiority , capital - compressed and technology - compressed products " comparative superiority is rising , and resource - compressed products belong to comparative inferior position . we also find that fluctuate in export amount mainly comes from fluctuate in labor - compressed products such as clothing and textile . so enhancing the proportion of high - attached - value product is a main task 并在出口产品结构现状分析及各类产品对出口贡献率分析中得出结论：纺织品服装等劳动密集型产品比重仍然较大，这些产品缺乏竞争优势，其出口波动较大，是出口总额增长不稳定的主要因素；虽然机电产品、高新技术产品等具有竞争优势的产品出口发展迅速，已占据出口的主导地位，但是其比重仍然偏小，不足以维持出口总额的持续稳定增长，其产品内部结构存在单一化等缺陷。
The third chapter points out the problems that lie in our country ' s foreign trade structure from primary products , industrial finished products and service trade . and calculates the compete power of our country which shows that we have export advantage in labor - intensive products and export disadvantage in capital and technology - intensive products . the fourth chapter raises idiographic strategies on how to optimize and adjust foreign trade merchandise structure 第三章主要内容是我国的对外商品贸易结构目前存在的问题，本章从初级产品、工业制成品和服务贸易等三个方面探讨了我国外贸结构存在的问题，并测算了中国出口商品的竞争力，结果表明我国劳动密集型产品具有一定的竞争力，而资本、技术密集型的产品的竞争力非常弱。
As export adjustment and optimization is one kind of strategic act , this thesis make a research on present international environment and domestic environment . comparative superiority is the basis of export . this thesis uses trade competition index and index of export superiority changing in demonstration analysis on comparative superiority of jiangsu ' s export 文章根据当前的国内外贸易环境的变化，运用贸易竞争指数和出口优势变差指数分析法对江苏省出口的比较优势进行了实证研究，发现劳动密集型产品强势依存，资本和技术密集型产品出口正逐步树立比较优势，资源密集型产品出口已处于比较劣势。
In 1986 , the total export amount of industrial products surpassed that of primary products , which became the first turning point of optimization of foreign trade structure . in 1995 , the total export amount of capital - intensive products represented by machinery and electrical goods surpassed that of labor - intensive products represented by textile and clothing , which became the second turning point 1986年，工业制成品的出口额超过初级产品的出口额构成了对外贸易结构高度化的第一个转折点， 1995年，以机电产品为代表的资本技术密集型产品的出口额超过以纺织品、服装为代表的劳动密集型产品构成了对外贸易结构高度化的第二个转折点。
The author analyses and studies the development and present situations of chinese foreign trade after china ' s reform and opening - up , changes and characteristics of import and export structure , factors of fast improvement of export structure and problems and conflicts of export structural changes etc . author also rationally considers several relations in export structure and draws the basic conclusion after analyzing and researching : ( 1 ) china has become a big country of international trade but not a powerful country and there is still a long way to catch up with other powerful countries of international trade . ( 2 ) chinese export structure has been in a important adjusting moment in which the direction of chinese export trade development is to preserve the current dimension of non - professional labor - dense products as well as put the main point of further extension on capital - dense , technology - dense and knowledge - dense products . ( 3 ) to realize the upgrade of export structure in china , we must emphasize on orientation of competitive advantage , and convert potential comparative advantage into practical competitive one 通过分析和研究得出的基本结论是： ( 1 )中国已发展成为世界贸易大国，但是还算不上世界贸易强国，与世界贸易强国相比，尚有很大差距，要成为世界贸易强国，还有很长的路要走； ( 2 )中国出口商品结构已进入到一个大调整阶段，今后中国商品出口贸易的发展方向应该是在保持非熟练劳动密集型产品出口已有规模的同时，将商品出口贸易进一步扩张的着眼点置于资本、技术与知识密集型产品上； ( 3 )要实现中国出口商品结构的升级，必须以竞争优势为导向，将潜在的比较优势转化为现实的竞争优势。
Based on study and practice in west zhejiang red soil experimental zone , the method and ways of adjusting cropping construction is : establishing " three - elements structure " , increasing in the ratio of forage - crop and cash - crop , stabilizing grain - crop production , adjusting breeding construction , developing agricultural industrialization , planting green - feed , estblishing new patterns , developing labour - intesive products , popularizing rice light cultivation ect 摘要根据浙西红壤试验区的研究实践，提出建立三元种植结构、遵循“提高饲料比重、发展经济作物、稳定粮食生产”原则、调整养殖业结构、发展加工业的种植结构调整思想方法；并采用发展青绿饲料、建立新模式、发展劳动密集型产品、推广省工栽培等技术措施，调整红壤丘陵区的种植结构，实现粮、经、饲平衡发展。
The labor standard and social responsibility standard was called the " blue item " ; any product that match sa8000 is called the " blue merchandise " ; any trade system that practice the sa8000 is called the " blue trade system " ; some nations take the enterprise social responsibility and labor protection as a trade protection measure , which is called the " blue barriers " “蓝色壁垒”的核心是sa8000标准。欧美等发达国家出于保护国内市场的目的,用sa8000来衡量我国出口企业的社会责任状况,并直接将sa8000标准同国内供应商的订单挂钩,这在一定程度上削弱了我国劳动力成本的比较优势,制约了我国劳动密集型产品的出口。
