That ’ s because since 20 c 70 ’ s , many welfare states in western were faced with management crisis : there was “ government failure ” get along with “ market failure ” . moreover , governance brought forward a new view : let government , market and citizen society combine together to manage public administration . this way can be said the third way except government and market , and it cater for the requirement of western countries ’ reform 之所以出现这种局面,是因为20世纪七、八十年代,西方福利国家普遍面临社会管理危机,政府失灵与市场失灵并存,而“治理”理论所提出的政府与市场、公民社会协同管理公共事务的观点,为西方改革指明了除政府与市场之外的第三条道路,迎合了西方国家的改革需求。
In terms of the analysis of chapter one and two , chapter three proposes the research model of gidss and believes that gidss function design must support the new tendency of corporation management . chapter four extends hierarchy model theory to gidss research and divides the conception model of gidss into four layers , which are application layer , task layer , function layer and physical layer 第三章根据第二章的分析提出了gidss的研究模型；其次针对第一章所述的gdss存在的问题，指出gidss的功能设计要支持企业管理发展的新趋势，并将gidss的基本功能定义为：群体智能决策、网络管理、群体协同管理、智能管理、产品设计、网络化的办公自动化。
The dissertation endeavors to identify , probe and develop new theories and tools that will work in digital time in scm area by systematic studies . on the basal theories of scm and e - business , analyzes the difference of scm in environment of e - business with traditional environment , puts forward the method , principle and step of designing and constructing of supply chain in e - business , probes into the collaboration management of supply chain from two aspect , one is hard road , another is soft road 从供应链管理和电子商务的基本理论出发，分析了电子商务环境与传统商务环境下供应链管理的差异；提出了电子商务环境下供应链设计与重构的方法、原则和步骤，指导企业设计适合自己的供应链；对电子商务环境下如何实现协调运行展开分析，从软约束和硬约束两个方面来探讨供应链的协同管理问题。
Based on the data model , system database is designed to the demand of ipm and cpm , the system is designed into two subsystem : 1 ) ipm subsystem based on c / s , which supports lpm in practice and supports ipm among different projects and information sharing with enterprise systems in range , 2 ) cpm subsystem based on b / s , which use web - based technology and network computer technology to help manage project execution and enhance cooperation energy . then system architecture is analyzed and detailed , and class framework is presented 为满足集成项目管理和协同项目管理的需求，将面向住宅建设的协同项目管理系统分为两部分：一是基于c s的集成项目管理子系统，在时间上支持全生命周期的项目管理，在范围上支持多项目的集成管理以及项目与企业间的信息共享；二是基于b s的协同项目管理子系统，利用基于web的技术和网络计算机技术，方便跟踪项目的执行过程，并增加了项目人员的协同管理能力。
Based on analyzing the main characters and the limited aspects of many software testing management tools in existence , regarding the requirement of many domestic software companies , the author researched and developed a software testing management tool , which includes such characters as listing under : ( 1 ) testing running process management , separating the static information and dynamic information of the testing cases to manage the running process of the testing cases , supporting iterative testing and regressive testing ; ( 2 ) providing the individual setting of the classified properties of bug and testing case , which user can define in according to their requirements , and then providing corresponding querying and statistic functions ; ( 3 ) testing progress plan management , setting testing milestone and management check point to manage the testing progress plan ; ( 4 ) testing task management , using tier structure to express task ' s relationship , supporting task cooperative management based on work flow , monitoring the task ' s time , cost and performance during the whole process ; ( 5 ) testing evaluation , using testing cover rate and bug reports to evaluate a test 本文分析了现有的软件测试管理工具的主要特点和局限性，结合国内从事软件开发的组织的实际需求，提出了一个具有下列技术特色的软件测试管理工具： ( 1 )测试运行管理，通过将测试用例的静态信息和动态信息分离来进行测试用例运行的管理，为重复测试、回归测试管理提供支持； ( 2 )软件缺陷和测试用例的分类属性值的定制功能，使用户可以根据自身组织的管理要求进行自定义，根据定制提供相应的分类查询、统计等处理功能； ( 3 )测试进度计划管理，通过设定测试里程碑和管理检查点来对测试进度计划进行管理； ( 4 )测试任务管理，使用层次结构表达任务的结构关系，提供基于工作流的任务协同管理，全过程监测任务的时间、成本和绩效； ( 5 )测试评价，通过测试覆盖和缺陷报告等方法来进行测试评价。
