In this research project , the agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of badh gene of tetraploid black locust has been studied , for the purpose of improving resistance to soline - alkali and drought of tetraploid black locust ; of playing more important role in developing of waste lands , ameliorating of soline - alkali soil , and greening and beautifying of surface - mined lands , mine waste dumps , slopes of roads and railroads where restoration of vegetative cover has proven difficult ; of fully making benefits of its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil 为了进一步提高四倍体刺槐的耐盐性和抗旱性，进一步扩大其适宜种植的生态范围，充分发挥其固氮、改良土壤的特性，在我国的城镇绿化、荒山造林、盐碱地改良以及采矿迹地、公路、铁路边坡等植物生长困难土地的植被恢复中发挥其优势，本实验对四倍体刺槐进行了农杆菌介导的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因转化的研究。
And the regenerated tetraploid and its diploid were different in inheritance . by the upper research , the best induction method of pepper polyploid and appropriate concentration and periods of colchicines were obtained . the acknowledge of polyploid was deeper via the morphological and cytological examination and peroxidase isozymes 通过以上研究，我们得到了辣椒同源四倍体诱导的最佳方法和秋水仙碱的最佳处理浓度和处理时间，并从过氧化物同功酶变化，辅以形态解剖学观察、染色体鉴定，综合分析，对多倍体的认识更加深入细致。
In nature conditions , without the injection of the extraneous hormone , the females and males of f _ 9 - f _ 12 could mate each other to produce new next generation of tetraploids . with the stable genetic tetraploidy and the fertility in the nature environments , this allotetraploid population possessed the key factors to form a new species with 200 chromosomes F _ 9 ? f _ ( 12 )染色体数目的稳定性和正常的性腺结构以及自然条件下的生殖传代行为，说明该异源四倍体鲫鲤已成为一个染色体数目为4n = 200 、遗传性状稳定的新型四倍体鱼群体，具备形成一个新的种群所需的关键因素。
In some cases the observed segregation ratios even allowed us to clearly determine that m . xiaojinesis is a autotetraploid plants , at least is a isosyndetic allotetraploid . these were the cases of 32 m . xiaojinesis - specific markers and 50 markers present in both parents , which fit 5 : 1 and 11 : 1 ratio respectively . since these cases happened were owing to m . xiaojinesis ' s duplex loci 50个双亲共有标记和32个小金海棠特有标记分别适合11 ： 1和5 ： 1的分离系数，由这两个系数可以推测，小金海棠可能是同源四倍体，至少是同源异源四倍体，因这两个系数都表明其产生是源于小金海棠的双式位点。
Tetraploid black locust is a variety has been bred in south korea , the leaves of which are 3 times larger than those of diploid varieties and contain 1 . 4 times more protein . and it has no prickles on its surface . it can be used not only as pioneer species in environmental beautifying and ecological restoration , also as fodder , bee forage , timber production , and so on 四倍体刺槐是韩国培育出的刺槐新品种，属无刺类型，其叶片大小为普通二倍体刺槐的4倍，蛋白质含量为1 . 4倍多，不但可以作为先锋树种广泛应用于环境美化和生态建设中，还可作为饲料、蜜源和木材等不仅具有较好的生态效益，同时还具有很高的经济价值。
2 . the gynogenesis of allotetraploid hybrids without the treatment to double the chromosome number , the diploid eggs produced by the females of tetraploid hybrids of red crucian carpx common carp were able to develop to living diploid fish after subjecting to activation of the uv - irradiated sperm 人工诱导异源四倍体鲫鲤的雌核发育异源四倍体鲫鲤能产生二倍体卵子，用uv处理镜鲤的精子，不进行染色体的加倍处理，能获得二倍体雌核发育鱼，通过冷休克对“受精卵”进行处理，仍然获得了二倍体雌核发育鱼。
The space distribution of pigment gland density on eleven places was analyzed by allotetraploid of ( g . arboreum g . bickii ) and varieties with pigment gland of g . hirsutum g . barbadense and the progeny population which is crossed by allotetraploid of ( g . arboreum g . bickii ) g . hirsutum and ( g . arboreum g . bickii ) g . barbadense 摘要利用（亚洲棉比克氏棉）异源四倍体和陆地棉、海岛棉有色素腺体品种以及由（亚洲棉比克氏棉）异源四倍体为母本，以陆地棉和海岛棉有色素腺体品种为父本，组配成的杂交后代群体，对植株上十一个部位色素腺体密度在群体内的分布进行了初步分析。
Over 13 kb saci restriction fragment was cloned into pgem - 7zf ( + ) , mapped for restriction endonuclease sites and an about 5 . 0kb fragment was further subcloned and sequenced . through coding region specific primer , we amplied it ' s corresponding cdna , named st901 . st901 is 2889bp long , contains 1447bp putative promoter region within 5 " upstream and three exons ( 475bp , 140bp , 39bp ) and two introns ( 472bp , 2s3bp ) in the coding region , encodes a hydrophilic protein of 217 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 24kda 以同源探针筛选马铃薯基因组文库，得到四倍体马铃薯基因组dna ? st901 ，基因全长2889bp ，含3个外显子(长度分别为475bp ， 140bp ， 39bp )和2个内含子(长度分别为472bp ， 253bp ) ； 5 ’端含有1447bp的启动子区段，该区段具备一般启动子的基本元件tatabox和caatbox ； 3 ’非编码区长63bp ，具hind酶切位点，没有发现保守的加尾信号。
According to reference , this research is the first time to transfer practically productive aim - gene to tetraploid black locust , and it is also the first time to transfer badh gene to forest - tree . this research provide a useful way in improving resistance to soline - alkali and drought of forest tree 据资料检索，该研究属首次将具有生产意义的目的基因导入四倍体刺槐，也是首次将甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因导入林木树种，在培育耐盐抗旱型林木品种方面进行了有益的探索。
