The sustainable development of international trade consists of four elements : the enrichment of the contents of international trade , the facility of the transaction way of international trade , the fair competition of international trade , and the coordinative development of international trade and environment 它通过国际贸易的可持续发展，促进世界经济的可持续发展。 “国际贸易可持续发展”的四要素为：国际贸易内容日益丰富、国际贸易运作方式便利化、国际贸易公平竞争、国际贸易与环境的协调发展。
We hold that the integrate effect consists of two parts : 1 + 1 > 2 and a + b = c , in terms of math : here x1 , x2 , . . . . . . , xn : integrate units s : functions of new system what features an integrated system are subjective initiative , non - linear function , dynamic connection , sub - system uncertainty , selective competition . the basic factors of integration are integrate context , integrate units , integrate interface and environment , which form the integration condition respectively the basic integrate patterns covers point - to - point , pipeline and hub 首先，深入探讨了集成的内涵，即集成是指为了实现某一目标，在一定的集成环境中，若干集成单元动态地集合成一个泛边界状态的有机整体的过程，指出集成效应的数学解释除了1 + 1 2外，还应该包括： a + b = c ，即若以x _ 1 ， x _ 2 ， … … ， x _ n代表集成单元， s代表集成后新系统的总功能，那么其特征有：主体行为性、功能非线性、关系动态性、单元泛化性、选择竞争性；集成的基本要素包括集成背景、集成单元、集成界面和集成环境等四要素；基本模式有点到点模式、管线型模式和集线器型模式；基本条件有集成背景条件、集成单元条件、集成界面条件和集成环境条件。
The system of management on crisis early - warning is operated by four “ phases ” : the system of crisis monitoring ; the system of crisis testing ; the system of forecasting ; the system of crisis precaution , but the system of management on crisis precaution is not a whole one which is made up with simply the above four factors , but an organic whole according to the time turn 旅游景区危机预警管理系统由旅游景区危机监视系统、旅游景区危机测试系统、旅游景区危机预报系统和旅游景区危机预控系统四要素组合而成。但旅游景区危机预警管理系统不是以上四要素的简单组合,而是以上四要素根据一定的时间先后关系所组成的有序整体。
This text make use of the system on the domestic and international risk of understanding which lead to audit practicing to study the present condition ' s foundation with are theories , deduces , and research methods , such as , attestations and analysis etc . , factors of right audit risk down audit risk that theories of construction in the problem proceeds analysis research look for the theories fulcrum to lead to the audit theories and possibility towards risk lead to audit risk model that problem proceed analysis research . this paper brings up the fourth main factor project , and also is distinction of audit report risk with audit occupation risk , announcing to public audit risk actuality conversion , pointing study to operate the influence of the risk factor . to the model that risk of perfect audit risk of function , here the foundation study have the maneuverability to lead to the audit procedure and method problems with the period of the right fulfillment which have the leading meaning 20世纪80年代中期，审计风险成为审计理论界和实务界研究的热点和难点问题，为弥合审计期望差距，降低审计职业风险，在实践中产生了一种以风险评价为中心的审计模式，即风险导向审计模式，该模式的出现对审计理论与实务影响都是深远的，但目前还未形成统一的认识，尚有许多问题需要研究和解决，本文在了解国内外风险导向审计实践和理论研究现状的基础上，利用系统，演绎，实证，分析等研究方法，对审计风险因素下审计理论结构的问题进行分析研究，以寻求风险导向审计的理论支点，以及对风险导向审计风险模型问题进行分析研究，提出四要素方案，也就是区分审计报告风险和审计职业风险，揭示审计风险现实转化的可能性，重点探讨经营风险因素的影响，对完善审计风险模型的作用，在此基础探讨具有可操作性的风险导向审计程序与方法问题，以期对实践具有指导意义。
Therefore , the whole paper is divided into four chapters : chapter one introduces to the development of internationalization theory . it mainly includes internationalization period theories , export behavior theories , network - approach mode , farmer - richman mode , international mode , four - factor mode , and so on 主要介绍了企业国际化阶段论，出口行为论，经营国际化的带动论，以及网络模型、创新模型、法默-里奇曼模型、国际化四要素模型、国际化的内外向联系模型等。
In order to adapt to this changing , enterprises must take actions to adjust developing strategy to the environment , and take steps to reform management , for example , operation flow reformation , organization structure reformation and mechanism innovation . then , this paper studys management composing elements and the relationshiop of the elements , and summarizes management innovation " s four rules . based on the principles and methods of economics , behavior science , management science and so on , this paper researchs the relationship of management innovation and informationization systematically and all sidedly 本文运用管理学、经济学、行为科学、系统学等理论和案例研究、专家调查等方法，以“管理变革的困惑”和“ it技术黑洞”问题为切入点，首先提出了企业的战略模式选择- “四要素发展战略” ，研究了基于战略的管理变革和基于战略的企业信息化，分析了二者相结合的效应；重点研究了企业管理变革对信息化的影响和企业信息化对管理变革的影响，界定了二者之间的关系；在此基础上，运用模糊数学的方法，构建了评价模型- “匹配坐标系” ，对二者的关系进行了评价，结果显示，二者的关系状况可以划分为“良性关系” 、 “亚良性关系”和“失衡关系”三大类。
Founded on the structural model , we put forward the " frogging model of entrepreneurial human capital accumulation " to describe the evolutionary route of entrepreneurial human capital system the model can be best explained as two alternative procedures : the linear accumulation of individual factor and the nexus reconstruction of the four core factors , both of which lead to the human capital accumulation , but at different level 在这个模型的基础上，我们提出了企业家人力资本的跳跃性积累模式，从宏观上把握其演进路径，即表现为人力资本系统内部核心四要素线性增长与重构交替发生的过程。接着，我们进一步讨论了这种外在表现形式的背后的动力因素，结合调研，提出了基于“内推力”和“外拉力”交互作用的企业家学习动力机制。
Acquiring testing factors in component software integration based on dfa model functions of the interface , event , context dependence relationship and content dependence relationship in componentbased software were analyzed with regard to integration testing . the difficulty in acquiring these four factors was also analyzed 分析了构件化软件接口事件上下文及内容依赖关系在集成测试中的作用，以及提取该四要素的难度针对构件化软件的自身特点提出了一种有限状态自动机模型，利用该模型实施对四要素的提取，并通过实例验证了该模型的有效性。
To point out four essential factors in the strategy which usually are considered to limit enterprise ' s strategic choice space in the beginning , afterwards the article illustrates the enterprise value creation system , namely value shift , value discovery , value creation , value transmission , value control , value creation cornerstone - enterprise ' s resources and structure , capability 战略选择中指出战略形成通常所考虑的四要素限制了企业的战略选择空间，思考的转换可以拓宽企业的选择范围。随后是对企业价值创造系统的论述，即价值转移、价值发现、价值创造、价值传递、价值控制、价值创造的基石? ?企业的资源及结构、能力。
The paper identifies four principal elements - knowledge , the power of state , the participation of society and the intervention of market , and studies the contexts and imperatives that inhere in the ongoing structures of the factors which bring about changes and shape the specific characters of higher education in different periods and countries 这一框架将“知识” 、 “国家” 、 “社会” 、 “市场”作为影响高等教育发展的四大基本要素，利用“四要素”所具有的超越历史、地域和时代的普遍解释力，构建能够说明高等教育变迁所具有的普遍性特征的分析框架。
