Based on modern optimization theory and optimal control theory , this dissertation studies some questions as follows : 1 . the optimization model of parameter identification of three - dimensional geologic history numerical simulation , algorithm and its application geologic history numerical simulation is a basic content of basin numerical simulation , and the porosity is the major parameter in the evolution and development process of oil - bearing basin . according to the sedimentation and burial mechanism , the physical and chemical principles of oil geology , the mudstone porosity ' s non - linear parabolic partial differential equation has been established 本文应用现代最优化及最优控制理论，对如下一些问题进行了研究： 1 、三维地史数值模拟的参数辨识优化模型、算法及应用地史模拟是盆地数值模拟的一个基础性的研究内容，地层孔隙度是含油气盆地地史演化发育过程中的重要参数，根据地层沉积埋藏机理和石油地质的物理化学原理，通过引入数学物理方程概念，建立了泥岩三维孔隙度场方程，根据问题的特点，给出了方程的定解条件，对方程的动边界也给出了处理方法，并且证明了解的存在性与惟一性，在此基础上建立了以当今实测数据为拟合准则的三维地史数值模拟的参数辨识优化模型，这是一个含有二阶偏微分方程约束的泛函极值问题。
At the end of late pleitocene , influenced by the climate of glacier period , the last great event of the region in the geological time was taken place so that the migration and extinction of organism species were resulted , loess accumulation was generally developed throughout the whole region , in the holocene , the most important environmental change was fluvial process , which was still influnced by two factors - neotectonics and palaeoclimatic changes 更新世晚期末，受末次冰期气侯的影响，本区发生了地史时期的最后一次大事件，造成了物种迁移和绝灭，全区广泛发育黄土堆积。进入全新世，本区环境变化以河流作用最为显著，沉积物主要分布在各大水系的河谷中，构成一、二级阶地和近代河床与河漫滩堆积。
The origin and evolution of land plants was an important event in the history of earth life and has affected all other lives on the earth and global environment . during the past two decade , the new discoveries of fossil plants microfossils and megafossils from the mid - ordovician through all silurian to the lower devonian improved knowledge of the origin of land plants , provided a time framework of the basal groups for the land plants and the early evolution diversity of vascular plants . three new plant based epochs have been recognized . on the other hand , molecular sequence studies have provided insights into the phylogeny and early branches of land plants . a phylogenetic tree has been established by the joint of a study of comparative morphology and gene sequences . this paper summarizes recent advances and new knowledges , comments on the phylogenetic studies based on the cladistic analysis 陆生植物的起源和演化是地球生命中的重大事件，它影响到地球上所有的其他生命和全球环境。在过去的20年中，从中奥陶世历经整个志留纪至早泥盆世的岩层中，化石植物微化石和大化石的新发现改变了人们对陆生植物起源的认识，并且为陆生植物和维管植物早期演化分异提供了基部类群分化的时间框架。据此人们识别出地史中的3个陆生植物的时代：始胚植物时代始维管植物时代和真维管植物时代。
At last , based on the results of geologic history numerical simulation and the force and substance balance theories of deep basin gas , the dynamic procedure of the entrapment forming of reservoir , the characteristics of generation and discharge gas of the source rocks and the coupling relations between the two are studied , so the distribution and the reserves of deep basin gas at specific geologic times have been obtained 结合深盆气藏的力平衡和物质平衡理论，研究了储层形成圈闭的动态过程、源岩生排烃特征、以及二者之间的耦合关系，得到了小草湖洼陷不同地史时期深盆气藏的分布范围和储量。
By comparing the numerical results of water infiltration with air and without air , it is shown that the method in this paper is more effective for solving problems of water infiltration in unsaturated soil . in this paper the forming process of oil - bearing basin is the main research object and the mathematic model of geology is built , in order to simulate the dynamic forming process of stratums especially oil - bearing stratum in geology history in the time and space concept , further to investigate the history of petroleum forming , transmitting , accumulating and predict the distributing rule and scope of petroleum , and offer an rapid , quantitative , exact , general choice for the researcher of petroleum geology . with denudation , poor - compactness and sedimentation hiatus , the stratum relations of sedimentation section is judged , and the ancient thickness and pressure of stratum layer are recovered by the inversion method of back stripping . the numerical simulation algorithm of recovery of geological history is also given 为了利用现代化的计算技术再现含油气盆地的地史演化发育过程，以便进一步定量化研究油气的生成、运移和聚集的历史以及预测油气分布规律、分布范围，为石油地质学家提供一个快速、准确、定量、综合的研究手段，本文就含油气盆地的地史演化发育过程为主要研究对象，建立了数学地质模型，运用优化理论与算法，在考虑了剥蚀、欠压实、沉积间断等地质现象的情况下，采用回剥反演法，应用钻井、测井、地震等方法获得的地层物性资料，判别沉积剖面中地层的接触关系，恢复地层的古厚度、古压力，构造了地史恢复的数值模拟方法。
The comprehension sealing capacity of each formation group has been studied by using the physical properties and the formation distribution . study on the package relationship of source rocks , reservoir and cap rocks , the oil shows , the development of faults , and the development of traps , the prospecting area have been predicted in the northern qaidam basin ; 7 6 、盖层有效性研究：研究盖层从沉积到形成演变的地质历史发展过程，地史中盖层的封闭能力与油气源岩排烃历史、储层演化、圈闭形成以及油气运移、聚集和保存条件的演变等的匹配关系。
Abstract : a number of comprehensive study data of cores , structures , inclusions , well - testing performance and fracture pressure gradient have shown that there are several fracture types in the jurassic tight sandstone reserviors of western sichuan basin , such as local structures , subtraction ( load relieving ) , stratification and corrosion etc . the leading origin type of fracture is the paleo - subtractive one formed by uplifting subtraction during geohistorical process , which is the main percolation passage in the process of oil / gas concentration , reservoiring and production 文摘:川西侏罗系致密砂岩储层中，存在局部构造、卸载、层理及溶蚀等数种裂缝类型，而由地史过程中的隆升卸载作用形成的古卸载裂缝是主导裂缝，也是油气富集、成藏及产出过程中的主要渗滤通道。
