Earth ' s atmosphere , hydrosphere , lithosphere , and forms of life are continually changing in response to changes in solar input , movements of earth ' s crust , other natural changes , and changes brought about by humans and other living organisms ( dynamic - earth principle ) 地球的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、及生物界一直持续在改变中，以回应太阳输入能量的变化、地壳的飘移、及其它各种自然环境的变化，以及因人类与各种生物引起的改变。
The result of study of geology and geochemistry indicates that forming manner is exogenous , but compositions mainly comes from deep part of lithosphere . 3 . acceding to geological characteristics of ore deposits and the mode of mineralization , deposits of lead - zinc - ( sil 热水沉积岩的地球化学研究结果认为，热水沉积岩的形成是在海底盆地中进行的，但它的物质来源不是陆源沉积物，而是来源于地壳的内部，即形成方式和环境具外生特征，物质来源具内生特点。
According to sedimentary characteristics of the carboniferous taiyuan formation in feicheng coal field , including lithology , size distribution , sedimenta ry structure , geochemistry and paleontology etc . , the carboniferous paleoenvironme nt of this area is divided into carbonate open platform and tidal flat environme nt . it is recognized that the taiyuan formation is formed in the epicontinental c oast which is dominated by the tidal . the peat flat is the important paleoenviron ment for coal accumulation . the tidal channel destroys the coal bed . the pulsative vibration of the crust is the major factor which controls the evolution of the sedimentary environment and the coal accumulation 根据肥城煤田石炭系太原组的岩性、粒度分布、沉积构造、地球化学及古生物等沉积特征，将该区晚石炭世古地理划分为碳酸盐开阔台地和潮坪环境，认为太原组形成于潮汐作用为主的陆表海海岸，泥炭坪是成煤的重要古地理环境，潮渠对煤层有一定的破坏作用，地壳的脉动性振荡作用是控制沉积环境演化和聚煤作用的主要因素。
During the yanshanian phrase , the area is in the condition of contractional background , with multi - staged tectonic reversion . 5 . through studying the origin of volcanic rocks and the characteristics of magma evolution , it concludes that there exist 3 originated areas of magma - from mantle , crust , and mantle - crust exchange . the basic magma of nandaling volcanic rocks of early jurassic is derived from upper mantle ; the magma of tiaojishan volcanic rocks of mid jurassic is formed in the contractional tectonic setting , and derived from the transition zone of crust and mantle interaction ; the acid magma of l 5 、通过岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素的研究，探讨了不同级别节律的火山岩成因、岩浆演化等特征，认为本区燕山期火山岩有三个岩浆源区，即地幔源、地壳源和壳幔混源，早侏罗世的南大岭旋回的基性岩浆，起源于上地幔；中侏罗世髫髻山旋回火山岩是在相对挤压环境中，岩浆起源于壳幔过渡带；晚侏罗世无负eu异常的酸性岩浆来源于下地壳的古老结晶基底的局部熔融，有负eu异常的酸性岩浆来源于上地壳的局部熔融；早白垩世火山岩基性岩浆起源于上地幔，中性岩浆起源于下地壳底部的壳幔过渡带。
Abstract : according to sedimentary characteristics of the carboniferous taiyuan formation in feicheng coal field , including lithology , size distribution , sedimenta ry structure , geochemistry and paleontology etc . , the carboniferous paleoenvironme nt of this area is divided into carbonate open platform and tidal flat environme nt . it is recognized that the taiyuan formation is formed in the epicontinental c oast which is dominated by the tidal . the peat flat is the important paleoenviron ment for coal accumulation . the tidal channel destroys the coal bed . the pulsative vibration of the crust is the major factor which controls the evolution of the sedimentary environment and the coal accumulation 文摘:根据肥城煤田石炭系太原组的岩性、粒度分布、沉积构造、地球化学及古生物等沉积特征，将该区晚石炭世古地理划分为碳酸盐开阔台地和潮坪环境，认为太原组形成于潮汐作用为主的陆表海海岸，泥炭坪是成煤的重要古地理环境，潮渠对煤层有一定的破坏作用，地壳的脉动性振荡作用是控制沉积环境演化和聚煤作用的主要因素。
By means of gps velocity field data , the synthetically crustal media parameters of the plateau were reversibly analyzed , as well as the simplified boundary function forces . thus , the moving tectonic characteristics of the plateau were analyzed macroscopically . finally , the main conclusions are that the majority of tectonic deformation of the plateau is the n - s compression and the minority is the w - e stretching 首先通过gps速度场反分析了高原地壳的综合介质参数，并反分析了简化后的高原地壳的边界作用力，从宏观上分析了青藏高原的构造运动特征，分析结论认为：青藏高原的构造变形以南北挤压为主，东西扩张为辅；造成高原现今构造格局的主要原因是印度洋板块和欧亚板块的持续碰撞。
The author presume the original physiognomy of jiuzhai valley , and acknowledged changhai valley was a surface - water with uniform waterpower , the rize valley was a branch of it but the inequality rise of lithosphere , the deposit of earthquake landslides debris flows and falling or glacier blocked the river - way , furthermore , the flow water with high content of ca ( hco3 ) 2 , so tufa dyke formed and evolvement the present dyke of lakes the present physiognomy formed on the base of those 2 由于地震、滑坡、泥石流引起的堆积物和冰川作用形成的冰碛物堵塞河道，再加上构造运动造成地壳的不均匀抬升，九寨沟的这种独特的地质环境以及高含ca ( hco _ 3 ) _ 2的岩溶水流作用下，为caco _ 3沉积创造条件，沉积的caco _ 3加高、连接最终形成灰华堤坝，使湖泊的形成成为可能。
The characteristics of the movement and deformation of the crust were traditionally determined with the geological and seismographic methods . however , the result obtained with the geological and seismographic methods is virtually an average one on the time scale of millions and / or hundreds of years , and the current movement and deformation of the crust cannot be described well 传统上，一般用地质和地震学方法来确定地壳的运动和变形特征，但二者确定的地壳形变结果分别是百千万年和百年左右的平均结果，难以描述现今地壳运动和变形的特征。
The movement and deformation of the crust are the comprehensive effects of various kinds of the geodynamical processes on the ground , and the systematical response of the crustal medium to the plate tectonic and deeply dynamic evolution . therefore , the research for them becomes one of important contents in the geodynamic studies 地壳的运动和变形是各种地球动力学过程在地表的综合显现，是地壳介质对板块构造和深部动力过程作用的综合响应，因此，对地壳运动和变形的研究构成了地球动力学研究的重要内容之一。
