This provides the basis for the proposed model for convection in the earth ' s mantle , with the heat sources lying deep within the earth and plumes being the rising columns at the center of toroidal convection cells 位于地球深部的热源和作为位于环形对流层中心的上升柱体的地慢羽，为所提出的地球的地幔内部的对流模型提供了基础。
I found that when you read slowly , word by word , you get lost in the words , lose the bigger picture , and your comprehension drops . when you read faster , your comprehension goes up because instead of getting lose in the words , you see the general picture 我发现当你逐词地慢速阅读时,你会迷失在单词之中,从而看不到整体,理解力下降.而当你快速阅读时,你的理解力会提高.因为你不会迷失于单词中,而是从整体上进行理解
Generally , soil total p increases after burning , but the soil total p after moderate and high intensity fires returned to level before burning slower than after low intensity fires , which is consistent with soil available n . the changes of soil k , mg are great after burning 但6年以后，土壤氮的含量有增加的趋势。除少数迹地外，火烧后土壤全磷含量在若干年内呈增加的趋势，但中、高强度火烧迹地土壤全磷含量的恢复较低强度火烧迹地慢。
The paper discusses dynamical conditions of the supercritical ore - forming fluid system based on study of regional geological background and analyses of physiochemical conditions of ore - forming process and puts forth the ore - forming mechanism : upper mantle uplift - mingling of meteoric water and magmatic hydrothermal fluid separated from acidic magma under tensile or transitional tensile environment - water / rock reaction - transportation - chemical coupling ore precipitation 在分析超临界成矿流体系统形成的区域地质背景和研究成矿物理化学条件的基础上，探讨了超临界成矿流体系统形成的动力学条件，提出该系统的成矿机理：与燕山晚期酸性火山侵入岩浆有关的金铜矿床是在上地慢隆起、张性或向张性过渡背景下形成的，酸性岩浆经熔体流体分离作用形成的岩浆热液与大气降水混合，经水岩作用等复杂的输运和化学反应耦合过程的动力学产物。
Integrating the ages of the mafic dikes and alkalic - ultramafic dikes in this paper , and the known data of mafic dikes and volcanic rocks , at least , there existed four episodes mesozoic crustal extension in shandong province , namely , 80ma , 100ma , 120 ma and140ma , which is similar to that of sc ( south china ) , indicating that maybe the effect of the subductio 但鲁东地区在地壳拉张方面可能存在着与鲁西地区不同的制约因素：即鲁东地区存在拆沉作用和可能存在地慢柱的影响’ 、而鲁西地区可能受到了郊庐断裂的左行走滑剪切和拉张活动的影响。
The reason for the moderate and large earthquake of zhengjiang block could be attribute as such features : because of the structure ' s more rigidity and the rising of the several interfaces in the crust , the energy from the deep crust of upper mantle is transported to the middle or upper crust persistently . thus it always accumulates at some locations and this may lead to eart 由于地表火山活动的停止，来自中下地壳和上地慢的大部分能量得不到释放，从而在有利的构造部位积聚，进而在流体的作用下，或在其它外动力诱发下，导致孕震系统失稳而发生地震。
( 7 ) showing and determining the evidence and timing of the lithophere delamination occurred in qinling orogenic belt . pointing out the gold deposit in xiaoqinling - xiongershan region are mostly formed during indosinian to early - yanshan movement , related to mantle fluid injecting caused by lithosphere delamination and plutonic activity caused by further large - scale tectonic extension 初步阐述了东秦岭地区的成矿分区和成矿特点，指出小秦岭一熊耳山地区金矿形成的主要时期是印支一早燕山期，并且与岩石圈拆沉作用所引起的地慢流体活动和之后进一步大规模伸展作用产生的深源岩浆活动密切相关。
The ratio of y / ho in ores approximates to the ratio of black chimney in tag seafloor . the ore - forming fluids show high temperature and redox characteristics . in conjunction with the geological setting of the deposit , the primary ore - forming fluids might certain higher ree and higher volatile elements derived from the mantle degassing or the alkaline volcanic magmas 同时结合矿床形成的构造一地质环境及矿体产出的地质形态，认为迅纳厂稀七铁铜矿床可能是在昆阳裂谷初期，在碱性火山岩浆喷发的间歇期，来自地慢富稀土、挥发份的成矿流体山火山喷流一同生沉积方式形成的矿床。
The velocity ratio or poisson ratio variaton can be obtained by comparing pn and sn velocities . 3 , in comparing pn and sn velocity variation with geology , we will find that high velocity regions always exist in old stable basin and terra , but low velocity regions lie in active extensional basin , volcano area and magmatic rock regions 中国大陆上地慢顶部体波速度层析成像3 、将pn波速度和sn波速度横向变化与地质构造对比发现，地震波速高的地区往往是构造上比较稳定的古老盆地、地台等，而地震波速低的地区是在构造上比较活动的张性盆地，火山活动区和岩浆岩分布区。
