The non - linear relationships between the void ratio and effective stress as well as between the permeability coefficient and the void ratio were taking into account during the theoretical derivation . this kind of consolidation was induced by body face , which was different from the existed consolidation induced by surface load 在理论模型推导中，考虑了固结过程中固结参数的变化（呈非线性关系） ，该固结为渗压体积力作用下的固结，不同于均布荷载作用下的固结求解过程。
When the transportation load is long - term evenly distributed , the influences of each relevant factor , i . e . pipeline depth , diameter , deformation module of foundation , poisson ratio of soil and tyre pressure of vehicles , toward mises stress and vertical displacement of pipelines are discussed . when the transportation load is movable and invariable , the changing rules of mises stress and vertical displacement during the vehicle ' s movement are calculated and analyzed , and effects of vehicle velocity and tyre pressure toward these two mechanical characteristics are discussed . when the transportation load is stable and simple harmonic , the changing rules of mises stress and vertical displacement during the time of load function are calculated and analyzed , and effects of vehicle velocity and tyre pressure toward these two mechanical characteristics are also discussed . in three - dimensional analysis , mises stress and vertical displacement of pipelines under three kinds of transportation loads are calculated , and the analysis and discussion of correlative factors are also made 当交通荷载为长期均布荷载时，讨论了各相关因素，包括管道埋深、管径、地基变形模量、地基泊松比和车辆轮压大小分别对管道mises应力和竖向位移的影响；当交通荷载为移动恒载时，计算并分析了车辆行驶过程中管道mises应力和竖向位移的变化规律，讨论了车速和车辆轮压对这两个管道力学性状的影响；当交通荷载为稳态简谐荷载时，计算并分析了荷载作用时间内管道mises应力和竖向位移的变化规律，讨论了车速和车辆轮压对管道力学性状的影响。
In this thesis , studies are focused on as follows : ( 1 ) based on analyzing the general transfer - matrix , the conception of the generalized double layer soil model is proposed , and the transfer - matrix ( r ) of half - infinite elastic mass is introduce - d to the analytic expressions of stress and settlement under the uniform circular , rectangular and strip vertical loads in multi - layered soil ; ( 2 ) according to the analytic expressions of the additional stress and settlement under unifo - rm circular in multi - layered soil , rectangular and strip vertical loads , the programs are develop - ed to resolve and debugged . the results show that the programs are correct ; ( 3 ) through calculating the coefficient of additional stress on the central axis of uniform circ - ular vertical loads , under the corner point of the uniform rectangular vertical loads , and on the central axis of uniform strip vertical loads , and the settlement on the center of uniform circular vertical loads and uniform rectangular loads in double - layered soil , the characters of stress and settlement are discussed ; ( 4 ) a case , as an example , is studied with different calculation methods , such as traditional theory , fem . the results obtained are compared 本文在已有研究成果的基础上进一步开展了以下几方面的研究： ( 1 )在对层状地基传递矩阵法中的总传递矩阵分析的基础上，提出了广义双层地基模型的概念，并把半无限体的传递矩阵r引入到多层地基在圆形垂直均布荷载、矩形垂直均布荷载及条形垂直均布荷载作用下附加应力与沉降的解析式中； ( 2 )根据多层地基在圆形荷载、矩形垂直均布荷载及条形垂直均布荷载作用下附加应力与沉降的解析式，编制了程序，调试通过并验证了其正确性； ( 3 )通过对双层地基圆形垂直均布荷载中心轴线上的附加应力系数和荷载中心沉降，矩形垂直均布荷载角点下的附加应力系数和荷载角点沉降及条形垂直均布荷载中心轴线上的附加应力系数进行的计算，探讨了双层地基中的附加应力与沉降特性； ( 4 )应用本文的层状地基体系理论对一个工程实例进行了计算分析，并与传统的计算方法的计算结果和有限单元方法的计算结果进行了对比分析，结果表明利用层状地基理论计算更能反映地基中附加应力分布的实际情况。
Since live loads on floor are usually expressed in terms of uniformly distributed loads for design purpose , in this paper , the sustained live load on floor are calculated respectively with the average load in room area and in batten area , while the transient live load on floor are computed with the average load in room area 采用室面积平均荷载法和进深板带面积平均荷载法将楼面持久性活荷载等效为楼面均布荷载，给出了楼面持久性活荷载的计算结果；采用室面积平均荷载法计算给出了楼面临时性活荷载等效值。
There are two contents in this paper : one is solve the control differential equation of box girder " s shear lag by dq method , the other is rules of the shear lag for single - box - multiple - cell box girders . first we introduce what is shear lag and the status of research ; we introduce dq method and use dq method to solve several bridges in the third chapter ; also we introduce the software - ansys and analysis several bridges by ansys in chapter iii ; in chapter iv we assume several bridge models and get the stress distribution under concentrated load and distributed load ; we summarize the paper in chapter v and propose the advancing direction of shear lag 文章首先介绍了剪力滞定义及目前研究情况；第三章介绍了dq法以及用dq法解箱梁剪力滞控制微分方程的几个实例，说明了dq法在求解变截面箱梁剪力滞中的优势；第四章介绍了有限元软件ansys ，以及用ansys分析桥梁受力情况的几个例子，说明了用ansys中相关单元分析桥梁的可行性：第五章构造单箱双室、三室、四室的悬臂梁、简支梁模型，分别分析了他们在集中荷载、均布荷载作用下的受力情况。
According to the functionary times of transportation times and spatial location between pipelines and roads , three kinds of transportation load models are put forward , i . e . long - term evenly distributed load , movable invariable load and stable simple harmonic load . two common foundation models , linear elastic model and modified cambridge model are analyzed , and the former is selected as the model for soft soil in this paper . considering the application actuality and foreground of steel , steel pipeline is adopted as research object 根据交通荷载的作用次数以及管道与道路的空间位置，提出了三种交通荷载模型，即长期均布荷载、移动恒载和稳态简谐荷载；分析了常用的两种地基模型?线弹性模型和修正剑桥模型，并选择了线弹性模型作为本文的地基模型；考虑到钢管的应用现状和前景，选择钢管作为研究对象；从法向和切向对管?土相互作用模型进行了探讨。
In these examples , the results indicate that moments of every floor are very close , and each story obviously has an inflection point except ground floor in ordinary frame under the concentrated load . the moments get larger from top floor to ground floor , and the columns of ground floor and side columns of the stories close to the top floor do not have inflection point in ordinary frame under the trigonometry load or uniform load 结果表明,无转换层时,顶点集中荷载下,各楼层的弯矩非常接近,除底层外,每层都有明显的反弯点;而在倒三角荷载或均布荷载下,各楼层弯矩由上至下逐渐变大,接近顶端几层的外柱和最底层柱均没有出现反弯点。
In this article , a program about the weighted residual method is compiled by using matlab mathematics software to solve this problem . the program has broad applicability , which can analyze the displacement fields and the internal force fields of moderate - thick plates on two - parameter elastic foundation with arbitrary boundary and arbitrary loading con - ditions ( contains uniform line load , concentrated load or combined loads on arbitrary position of plates ) 计算中本文应用matlab数学软件编制出求解该问题的加权残值算法程序,程序适用性较强,可以求解双参数弹性地基上任意边界条件组合下任意竖向荷载(包括板面上任意位置的均布荷载、集中荷载以及两者的组合)作用下的中厚板内任意点的位移场、内力场。
Through analyzing bending stiffness of composite slabs in the paralled and cross wise wave direction of steel sheet , the author got load - bending stiffness in these two directions . with the finite elements method , the author studied the mechanism and load - carrying characters under uniform loading of composite slabs and put forward a theorem calculating distortion and analyzed crash mode of this structure 通过分别对组合板沿压型钢板波纹方向和垂直于压型钢板波纹方向弯曲刚度的分析，得出型钢和压型钢板与混凝土组合板两个方向的抗弯刚度，采用有限元分析方法，研究组合板在均布荷载作用下的工作机理和受力性能，提出挠度计算公式。
The stress and deformation in any spots of 3d foundation soils which is under rectangular homogeneously distributed load are calculated and analyzed by methods of elastic theory and fortran program ; 3 . the scope of foundation soils deformation under rectangular homogeneously distributed load is analyzed by the use of slide and move thread theory ; 4 . by using the finite element analysis software of ansys , with engineering examples , the deformation characteristics of 3d elastic - plastic foundation soils under rectangular homogeneously distributed load are imitated and analyzed , at the same time , the method of settlement calculation of soils is checked 研究内容包括： 1 、测试了天然地基、复合地基在不同压板形状及尺寸下承压板下及周围地基土体的沉降，并做了数据计算分析； 2 、利用弹性理论方法和fortran程序分析计算了三维地基土体在矩形均布荷载下任意位置点的应力及变形； 3 、利用滑移线方法分析了均布荷载下土体的变形范围问题； 4 、应用ansyas大型有限元分析软件，结合工程实例，模拟分析了三维弹塑性地基土体在方形均布荷载下的变形特性，并对地基沉降计算方法进行了工程验算。
