The legal status exploit and application of gene resources also become the point in dispute between the developed and the undeveloped . the essay holds the view that efficiency is more important than fairness , in order to encourage the company ' s investment into research and application of gene technology . our state should grant patent to gene technology , but only to discovery of gene ' s function , because excessive monopoly will make negative influence to development of research and industrial application , and do harms to justice 就国家之间的利益关系来讲，发达国家在基因挪的研究及产业应用水平远高于娜中国家，其投资也非常巨大，所以需要通过基因序列专利来获得垄断敝，取得高额垄断利润，龊中国家由于挪椭，主貉技术引赫，因止隔望正蝴反，但缸因资源方面，阻中国家却具有优势敝，他们宣布拥有对本国基因资源的所有权，并以此为筹码同发达国家进行排、对抗。
Despite of the expanding of market scale , the more important part of market development is continuous division of labor and diversity of product . the diversity can eliminate detrimental externality , now monopoly represents efficiency and the profits from monopoly can be regarded as the rewards of eliminating externality 市场的拓展除了在规模上的扩大，更重要的是不断的细分化、差异化，通过制造差异消除有害的外部性，此时垄断是效率的代表，而山此获得的垄断利润也可以看作是消解外部性的报酬。
In this part , it has studied the construction of our aviation transportation through the analysis for its compressive market , the product difference , the entering and dropping out obstacle , etc . the marketing characteristic of oligarch monopoly in the aviation transportation has obviously appeared . in this condition , the aim of the government regulation should be that , to maintain the profit of the consumer , and reduce the monopoly profit . in section three , through the analysis and research work to the actual effect brought by our regulation policy , it has pointed out that this kind of government regulation has greatedly blocked the trade development 首先，在第一部分中简要介绍了管制的概念及有关的管制理论；在第二部分中，介绍了我国航空运输业的发展现状，并且通过对我国航空运输业市场集中、产品差异、进入与退出障碍等情况的分析，对我国航空运输市场的市场结构进行研究，指出我国航空运输业已经呈现出明显的寡头垄断市场特征，在此种情况下，政府管制应该是以维护消费者的利益，降低企业的垄断利润为目标；在第三部分中，通过对我国航空运输业政府管制政策所带来的实际效果的分析和研究，指出我国航空运输业的政府管制已经严重地阻碍了我国航空运输业的发展；第四部分则是通过研究和借鉴国外航空运输业管制和放松管制的经验和教训，以“有效竞争”市场作为标准，对我国航空运输业管制改革提出一些新的思路。
