The drawbacks of china ' s present system of rural land property rights lie in the ambiguity of the principal parts of rural land property rights , farmers ' unsteady and incomplete usufruct of land , the deformity of farmers ' land profit rights , as well as the fact that farmers and the farmer collective have no virtual rights of disposal for land 摘要我国农村现行土地产权制度的缺陷表现在农村土地所有权主体不明确，农民土地使用权不稳定、不完整，农户土地收益权残缺，农民和农民集体没有事实上的土地处分权。
From the system value , the value basis of the trial supervision system is the fair judgment on private dispute , the right basis is the actio and disposition right of litigants , the objective basis is the pursuit to res judicata . the second part proceeds the comparative research on civil retrial system 从制度价值来看,对私权争议的公正裁判是民事再审制度存在的程序价值基础;当事人的诉权与处分权是民事再审制度构筑的权利基础;对判决既判力正当性的追求是民事再审制度构筑的目的基础。
To restructure the basic principles of the civil mediation system , perfect the procedural rules , truly implement principles of self - willingness and judgement authority , so as to restore the original requirements of a mediation system . to implement a policy of limited case review , so as to maintain the effect of the mediation agreement , and the authority of a court mediation . meanwhile , to give the litigants certain subsidy rights , so as to achieve a balance between the litigation interests and private law interests 要重新构建民事诉讼模式，完善民事诉讼证据规则，固定法官的中立角色，减少调解过程中的强制；要建立多元化的替代性纠纷解决机制，使民事诉讼调解制度更具系统化；要重构民事调解制度的基本原则，完善程序性规定，落实自愿原则和处分权原则，还调解制度本来的要求；要实行有限再审，维护调解协议的效力和法院调解的权威，同时，给予当事人一定的救济权利，实现诉讼利益和私法利益的平衡。
Then the author argue the rationality of civil protest system specifically , by refuting the theory of negation of the civil protest system as follows : 1 . whether civil protest supervision invades the independent jurisdiction of the court ; 2 . whether civil protest supervision unduly intervene the discretion of the parties ; 3 其次，笔者具体论证了民事抗诉制度的合理性，从以下三方面逐一反驳了民事抗诉制度否定论的理由:其一，民事抗诉监督是否侵犯了法院的独立审判权;其二，民事抗诉监督是否不当干预了当事人的处分权;其三，民事抗诉监督是否有损于法院终审权。
This article first analyze what ' s the property of the combination of the power and right of colleges and university ' s right of disciplinary measure , institutions of higher learning will not in accordance with the spirit of ruling by law now then when publish schools of our country exercise the right of disciplinary measure . the article also analyze this question and the reason and the reason . furthermore , it studies the following questions 本文先分析了高校处分权的权力与权利结合的属性，以及目前我国公立学校在处分权的行使中存在诸多与法治精神不符的问题和出现问题的原因，并就下列问题进行了探讨：处分违纪学生必须遵循处分法定、公平公正、处分慎重、重在教育、权利保障等法治原则。
