Upon the above views , this paper compares academic thoughts on allotment of burden of proof between the civil law system and the common law system , thus reaching the view that the principal of " classification of legal element " supplemented by other substantial standards on the burden of proof shall be adopted . this principle shall be the main ground for the court to decide merits of the case within its discretion , especially in the circumstance where there is no sufficiently substantial rules on burden of proof in the statute . the burden of proof in marine cargo claim shall adopt the same principle accordingly 在此基础上，比较分析了大陆法系和英美法系国家举证责任分配各学说，提出我国应采“法律要件分类说”为主，以实质标准为补充的举证责任分配原则，这一举证责任分配原则应当作为法院在审理案件时在缺乏实体法举证责任规则规定的情况下，在对诉讼当事人举证责任进行分配时应当遵循的总“指挥棒” ；同样应作为我国海运货损索赔举证责任分配之一般原则。
Based on the research on relevant experiences of law making and law implementation in western developed countries , the author of the thesis makes an in - depth discussion in four parts , i . e . general survey of the merger concerning anti - monopoly law , thoughts of law and theory basis in standardizing and restricting the merger , standard substantive of the standardization and restriction of the merger , and its standard of procedure and legal sanction 本文笔者通过研究西方发达国家这方面的立法经验和司法实践，从反垄断法意义的企业合并一般概述、规制企业合并法律思想和理论依据、规制企业合并的实质标准、程序标准和法律制裁这四个方面进行了深入的论述，同时结合中国的实际情况，提出了我国反垄断立法的一些设想。一反垄断法意义的企业合并一般概述。
Chapter ii , i . e . the summarization of the system of administrative contract , which constitutes two parts , one hand first clarified the misunderstand of the conception of administrative contract , thought that administrative contract is more accurate than administrative pact ; second probed into some basic attributes of administrative contract , thought that the attribute of contract which is the essential attribute of administrative contract is more important than the attribute of administration which is but a attribute of function ; last analyzed the classification of administrative contract and its standard briefly , thought that we should adopt the standard of duty which majors in virtual standard and minors in formal standard 引言部分简要介绍了行政契约制度的学术背景和意义,概括了论文的主要研究内容以及创新之处。行政契约制度概述部分首先对行政契约制度的概念进行了辨析,认为行政契约一词比行政合同更准确;接着探讨了行政契约的基本属性,提出了“契约为体、行政为用”的想法;然后简要分析了行政契约的识别标准,在众多标准中,认为识别行政契约应适用以实质标准为主、兼采形式标准的职务标准。
And then chapter makes an analysis of the second substantive criterion of the procedural safeguard purpose which is based on the history of dispute settlement and theory of justice , the maximin rule founded by john rawls . chapter is about the positivist substantive criterion in accordance with the developing of social status 其次,以罗尔斯的“社会正义理论”和“最大最小原则”为理论基础,以纠纷解决方式的发展史为事实基础论证了程序保障目的论的合理性,分析了实质标准之二? ?民事诉讼的目的。
