The objectivity of difficult cases is comparatively weak and hard to seek . so posner calls it " objectivity of conversational rationality " which underlines reasonableness or comparatively right result and the dialectical ratiocination is the way to realize it 疑难案件的客观性较弱，且不易获得，波斯纳称之为“交谈合理性的客观性” ，强调合乎情理或相对正确的结果，辩证推理是实现其客观性的途径。
It argues that institutional civilization possesses the basic characteristics of the unification of penetrability and relative independence , the unification of relative stability and dynamic history , the unification of subjectivity and objectivity , decisiveness , imperativeness and publicity 认为制度文明具有主观性和客观性的统一、渗透性和相对独立性的统一、相对稳定性和具体历史性的统一、关键性、强制性、公共性等基本特征。
Popper not only first named the problem of the relation between the possibility and the objectivity of cognition which is involved in bacon ' s " doctrine of four idolas " as " bacon ' s problem " , also he put forward a falsificationist resolution which was different from bacon ' s resolution 他不仅首次将内涵于培根“假相说”中关于偏见与认识的可能性和客观性的关系问题称为“培根问题” ，而且提出了与培根的解决方法不同的证伪主义的解决方法。
Dialectical reasoning appears to loss objectivity with the involvement of judges ’ values and this will undoubtedly shaken the foundation of the rule of law . to regain the objectivity of legal reasoning , the article firstly demonstrates the concept and characters of dialectical reasoning in the comparison with formal reasoning , and proves its advantage over formal reasoning . secondly , the writer gives a positive account of dialectical reasoning . the analysis of the nature of reasoning leads to some arguments against the objectivity of dialectical reasoning 因此本文首先将辩证推理与形式推理进行比较,明确辩证推理的概念以及辩证推理观相对于形式推理观的优势,然后通过对各国的法律适用实践的考察分析辩证推理的思维过程,并以此为基础检讨辩证推理的客观性,从三个角度构建辩证推理客观性的理论基础,最后提出了在我国法律适用实践中保障辩证推理客观性的三条进路,从而使文章具有实践意义。
This article proceeds from current situation of the performance management system of the enterprise run by the local people , through probesing into the analysis with various kinds of examination methods and synthesizes about the relevant performance management theory , according to enterprise reality , try hard and design one easy , have high fairness and performance management system of enterprise of the objectivity 本文从民营企业的业绩管理体系的现状出发，通过对相关业绩管理理论探讨和各种考核方法的分析和综合，根据企业实际，力图设计出一套简单易行，具有较高公正性和客观性的企业业绩管理体系。
Part two . the crisis of the objectivity of legal reasoning since 19th century , the objectivity of legal reasoning has been questioned , people have questioned not only if the law and the process of legal reasoning hold the objectivity . but also if the meaning of the law text has the objectivity . these show potential crisis of the objectivity of legal reasoning 二、法律推理客观性的危机19世纪末以来，法律推理的客观性受到了广泛的质疑，人们不仅对法律事实、法律推理过程是否具有客观性进行怀疑，甚至对法律文本的意义是否有客观性也持怀疑态度，这些怀疑显示出了法律推理客观性的潜在危机。
For the first time the author introduces the modern traffic accident epidemic theory . from the aspect of accident proneness , the author goes on to explain the multi reasons and the complex mechanism of the traffic accidents and points out the objective vales of subjectivism in promoting the control of crimes and the science of prevention 文章还首次引入了现代车祸流行病学的理论，从事故倾性( accidentproneness )等角度，进丫步阐述了犯罪的多因性和道路交通犯罪发生的复杂机理，指出刑法主观主义的知识客观性的独特价值，以增强犯罪控制和预防的科学性。
Research method this thesis adopts a research method combined by logical analysis , parallel and effect research , cross - subject research and so on . in order to obtain comprehensive and objective understanding of the objectivity , it not only compares the chinese objectivity with the western one from the angle of historical development in depth and from the angle of both sides " present situation horizontally , but also does cross and contrast effect research from the angle of economy , culture and moral values 研究方法本文采用逻辑分析、平行研究和影响研究、多学科交叉研究等相结合的研究方法，既从历史发展的角度进行中西方客观性的纵深比较，又从双方现状进行横向比较，也从经济、文化、道德价值的角度进行交叉对比影响研究，力求对客观性得出较为全面客观的认识。
The typical character of this turn is to seek for the objectivity in science based on a scientist ' s neither psychological self - control nor his value - free attitude in the scientific process , but on open critical discussions among the scientists or among the whole society , as well as setting up a social system of critical discussion and making it better 这一转向的最大特点，就是对客观性的追求不是奠基在科学家个体在研究过程中自我心理控制活动的基础上，建立在价值中立的、排除个人主观偏见的研究态度上，而是奠基在科学家群体乃至整个社会开放式的“批评性讨论”的基础上，奠基在这种批评性讨论社会机制的建立和完善的基础上。
The franchiser has the obligation to disclose the necessary information about franchising , which he is engaged in , to franchisee applicant to the signing of contract . these information includes both objective information and predictive information that the author name as " hard information " and " soft information " . some are disclosed before the franchising contract signing , other are disclosed later 从特许经营的立法和实践看，在特许经营信息披露过程中，特许人所要披露的信息内容很多，既包括客观性的“硬信息” ，也包括预测性的“软信息” ，既包括特许经营合同签订前应披露的初始信息，也包括在经营过程中随业务的发展而应披露的后续信息。
