Considering the type of transport used to deliver the payment transaction information , the mobile payment can also be divided into over the air ( ota ) or wide - area network ( wan ) , which uses a wireless network and proximity payments that transfer details over shorter distances 如根据交易金额的大小,可将移动支付分为微支付和宏支付两大类;根据移动运营商提供的移动支付业务类型不同可分为移动运营商的代收费业务、小额支付业务和移动信用平台。
Despite their wide spread use and market penetration , these have a number of significant limitations and shortcomings , including lack of security , lack of anonymity , inability to reach all audiences due to credit requirements , large overhead with respect to payments , and the related inefficiency in processing small payment amounts 尽管这两种协议被广泛应用到电子支付活动中，但是它们却有各自的局限和不足，如存在一些安全和使用上的问题。例如，缺乏匿名性，以及由于信用卡在处理小额支付时的成本过高而限制了其应用。
Based on the hypothesis of brands , this thesis presents two off - line electronic cash system applied to small payment : one is an off - line nondivisible electronic cash system with complete anonymity , and the other is an off - line nondivisible electronic cash ' system with repealed anonymity . the two systems can solve the bottleneck problem of bank server . furthermore , based on the concept of virtual debit as well as the payment demand of pay - per - use electronic commerce and mobile co mmerce , this paper designs a micro - system npay , which can solve the problem of extra - consuming , greatly reduce the system communication overhead , and the consumer can anonymously consume 基于brands假设，设计了两个适用于小额支付的离线电子现金系统：一个是具有完全匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，另一个是可撤消匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，这两个系统都较好地解决了银行服务器的瓶颈问题；针对即付即用( pay - per - use )类型电子商务和移动商务的支付需求，基于“虚借记”的概念，设计了一个微支付系统npay ，较好地解决了消费者超额消费问题，系统的通讯开销也大大减少，并且消费者可以匿名消费。
