( 4 ) illuminating doped sbn crystals using a two - prisrn interference pattern , and applying an appropriate electric field along c axis of the crystals at the same time , array planar waveguides can be made in the crystals ( 4 )在利用平行光通过双棱镜形成的干涉光场辐照掺杂sbn晶体的同时，沿晶体的c轴施加适当的直流外电场，在晶体中写入阵列平面光波导。
It can be concluded that the parallel illumination and parallel receiving arrangement is the basic one of the shadow moir method and that other arrangements could inevitably produce errors because of the effect of non - parallel factor 分析结果表明，平行照射平行观察光场是影栅云纹法中的基本光场，其他光场均受非平行光因素的影响，不可避免地引入误差。
A concave mirror reflects parallel light rays so that they meet at the so - called focal point . ( if you try to use such a mirror to start a fire in sunlight , you place the tinder at the focal point . ) the distance from the mirror to the focal point is its focal length 凹面镜反射平行光，让光线汇聚到所谓的焦点（如果你想用这种镜子在日光下起火，就要把易燃物放在焦点上） ，从镜面到焦点的距离就是焦距。
One require to illuminate the crystal twice us ing a two - prism interference pattern at different directions , another only require to illuminate the crystal once using the interference pattern which produced by a couple of perpendicular two - prism 第一种是利用平行光通过双棱镜形成的干涉光场沿不同方向两次辐照linbo _ 3 ： fe晶体；第二种是利用平行光通过两个正交的双棱镜形成的干涉光场一次辐照linbo _ 3 ： fe晶体。
Digital binoculars are new products and so there are no data about the test of the resolution and field of view matching . in order to measure the resolution of digital binoculars , the method based on the combination of collimator and resolution chart is proposed 为了检验数码望远镜的分辨率,提出了采用平行光管和鉴别率板的组合来测量的方式,并对鉴别率板的离焦量、平行光管焦距与鉴别率板的匹配进行了理论推导。
On the basis of these theories , detailed experiment investigations are carried out as follows : ( 1 ) the interference pattern of two - prism is adopted to illuminate linbo3 : fe crystals . then array of planar waveguides are fabricated in the crystals due to photorefractive effect 在此基础上，详细地进行了以下几个方面的实验探讨： ( 1 )利用平行光通过双棱镜后所形成的干涉光场辐照linbo _ 3 ： fe晶体，在晶体中写入阵列平面光波导。
The new angular distortion real - time measuring system is developed , which utilizes photoelectric self - collimation parallel optic equipment , replicate optic equipment and other equipment fixed on desk , using computer control system to realizes real - time measuring vessel distortion 摘要研制一种新型的角变形实时测量系统，其利用布设在甲板上的光电自准直平行光管和折转光管等相关设备，通过计算机控制系统实现实时测量艇体两维动态变形量。
So the base decided to rebuild the system , in the rebutided detect - calibrating system , closing control technique has been adopted and the guiding accuracy has been greatly improved . at the same time , it has adopted multiple parallel light - pipeline scanning technique , and the efficiency of detect - calibrating has remarkably enhanced 在改造后的检校系统中，采取了闭环控制，提高了引导精度，同时采用单航路多平行光管的扫描，提高了检校效率。
At this point , nc - si solar cell comes with its advantages of broader timescale , lower cost . the broader timescale merit of nc - si solar cell arises from its high absorption of light with wavelength around 300 - 800nm , no matter it is scattered or not , and no matter it is weak or blazing 在这一点上,非晶硅材料由于对波长在300nm - 800nm之间的光具有更高的吸收系数,因而有着更长的有效工作时间和更低的成本,不论光线是发散光还是平行光,是弱光还是强光,它都能够予以吸收。
The following aspects of investigation has been made in the course : first is th at the method of adopting closing - control has been theoretical analyzed and the closing control model has been established . second is that the technique of realizing multiple light - pipeline scanning technique has been investigated with non - linear programming theory . third is that the system has been designed and realized 本文主要对以下三方面进行了研究：一是对采取闭环控制进行了理论分析，建立了闭环控制模型；二是采用最优控制理论，对单航路多平行光管进行扫描的技术进行了研究，建立了理想航路数学模型；三是对系统进行了设计，建立了系统实体。
