Manichaeism is a gnostic religion that originated in babylonia in the 3d century ad . its founder was a persian of noble descent called mani ( or manes ) , c . 216 - c . 276 摩尼教是一个诺斯替宗教，起源于公元三世纪的巴比伦。它的创立者是公元216 ? ?公元276年的波斯王子摩尼（或称为曼尼） 。
The essence of manichaeism was the principle of absolute dualism : the primal conflict between god , represented by light and spirit , and satan , represented by darkness and the material world 摩尼教的本质是绝对的二元论法则：神和撒旦最初的斗争，表现为光明与精神世界和黑暗与物质世界。
Manichaeism disappeared in the west in about the 6th century , although its doctrines reappeared in the teachings of the bogomils , albigenses , and other sects during the middle ages 摩尼教大约在六世纪消失于西方，尽管它的教义仍然出现在波各米勒教派，阿比尔教派和其他中世纪时期的教派上。
Manichaeism was long treated as a christian heresy , but it is more clearly understood as an independent religion , drawing on the diverse resources of christianity , zoroastrianism , and buddhism 摩尼教很长时期被认为是基督教的异端，但更加明确地表明，这是一种独立的宗教，吸收了基督教，琐罗亚斯德教和佛教等不同资源。
Eastern gnosticism took a somewhat different course . under the influence of traditional iranian religion , the semi - gnostic manichaeism developed an absolute cosmic dualism between soul and matter 东方的诺斯替派有些不同的实践。在伊朗传统宗教的影响下，半诺斯替主义的摩尼教发展了一种绝对的宇宙二元论，是灵魂与物质。
Eastern gnosticism took a somewhat different course . under the influence of traditional iranian religion , the semi - gnostic manichaeism developed an absolute cosmic dualism between soul and matter 东方的诺斯替主义有些不同的实践。在伊朗传统宗教的影响下，半诺斯替主义的摩尼教发展了一种绝对的宇宙二元（灵魂与物质论） 。
Salvation was exemplified in the manichaen community , a hierarchy of two classes : the elect , who consisted of mani ' s successor , 12 apostles , 72 bishops , and 360 presbyters ; and the hearers 拯救在摩尼教社区内作为例证，社区是一个两个级别组成的层次：被选上者，由摩尼的继承者组成，有12位门徒， 72位主教和360位长老，还有听众。
This manichean finding came after dr wigertz and her team interviewed 1 , 527 people with gliomas ( a type of brain tumour ) in denmark , finland , norway , sweden and the south - east of england 维葛兹博士和她的研究组在丹麦，芬兰，挪威，瑞典和英格兰的东南部调查了1527名患有神经胶质瘤（一种脑性肿瘤）的患者，得出一种带有摩尼教性质的调查结果。
